Study of Dialogue between Nurse and Pneumonia Patient

Study of Dialogue between Nurse and Pneumonia Patient My patient Mrs. S.K., is an 81 year old female. She was diagnosed with Pneumonia. Mrs. S.K. had been in the unit for almost three days prior to the dialogue. She reported not being ever diagnosed with any medical condition ever before. During the morning shift I went with my assigned nurse J to the clients Mrs. S.K room. She was lying in her bed awake. While given her medication, Nurse J mentioned to her that I was a nursing student from York University who would be shadowing her. I took this opportunity to introduce myself and asked her if it was okay with her. She nodded with a smile DIALOGUE: 1 Mrs. S.K was sitting in the chair and looking out through the window. Nurse: Nice view (pointing to the window), How are you doing? (I stood right beside her near the window) Mrs. S.K.: I am feeling much better now. Yesterday, even moving from bed to chair was very exhausting for me. I felt breathlessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Much better now. Nurse: Hummm, I listened attentively. When did you first notice any changes in your breathing? Mrs. S.K.: I was in U.S at family function. While I was reading our holy book and was almost on conclusion I found really hard to even recite the hymns. My son asked me to get myself checked, I just ignored. I wanted the ceremony to end smoothly without any interruption. Nurse: I nodded to convey I was listening Mrs. S.K.: The journey from U.S. airport to here (Toronto) was very hard. I was coughing constantly. I felt so much tightness in my chest. Nurse: I know how you would have felt. It is hard to go through all this. How did it feel being in such a situation? Mrs. S.K.: I was so anxious and fearful. I did not even know whether I will be able to catch my next breath (pause). I am grateful to God, my family is really caring. They immediately brought me to the hospital. Nurse: So, you have a really caring family. Mrs. S.K.: Yes,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦now I am a great grandmother (She smiled) Nurse: Wowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. I smiled back. (Someone knocked at the door, it was her relatives. I introduced myself to them).Your relatives are here, I am going to leave you with them for now so that you can spend some time with them. I will check on you later on. Is that okay with you? Mrs. S.K.: Noddedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Yes. Nurse: See you later Mrs. S.K. (With a smile and I left the room) CRITICAL REFLECTION Through this paper I will critically reflect on the dialogue that I had with my patient -Mrs. S.K, who was admitted to the hospital for pneumonia. In this paper, I will identify blocks to communication in the dialogue and will focus on integrating the principles of dialogue with the client-centered care (CCC) core processes. Prior to beginning the dialogue, my only intent was to know Mrs. S.K. better and to listen to her concerns if any so that I could better meet her needs. It hurts not to be listened to (Nichols, 1995).While critically reflecting on the dialogue I realized that actually I was making an effort to be build trusting relationship with her by giving her my undivided attention. Clients often wait to express their needs and concerns until the nurse gives them undivided attention (Messner, 1993). I initiated the discussion with open-ended question. I asked Mrs. S.K., How are you doing? As a result, she had a liberty to choose whatever she wished to reveal. I also attempted to carry the open-ended question throughout the conversation. I wanted Mrs. S.K. to feel that I was really interested to know more about her health issues or other concerns that impact her health. I think I went with the flow during the dialogue with Mrs. S.K. I did not interrupt in between when Mrs. S.K. talked about her concerns with breathing a day before and her visit to U.S. I followed her lead, listened attentively and patiently to her, as this is what she wanted to talk about. According to the human becoming theory, going with the flow is very crucial in order to recognize the ups and downs and the joys in the context of the clients situation (Parse, 1998). Also, keeping the client- centered care in my mind, most of the time I spoke with my client in her mother tongue that is Punjabi. This made her more comfortable and confident to express her true feelings and concerns. Validating was one of the blocks that were evident during the dialogue with the client. Though, I made proper eye contact with Mrs. S.K. and listened to her in a non-judgmental and caring manner, but I felt that if I would have sat at eye level with her during communication she would have felt even more comfortable. When Mrs. S.K. talked how hard her journey from U.S. airport back to Toronto due to illness, I validated her experience by saying I know how you would have felt. It is hard to go through all this. This is in total contrast to the CCC value of honesty. Each individuals meaning of a particular circumstance is totally unique. Therefore no one can really know or experience the same meaning as the other (Beitel, 1998). Also, when she showed her concern about feeling breathless yesterday, I could have asked her Tell me more about it. This would have helped me to seek depth and clarity about her concerns. Other then that I did not act on the need to do something to fix things my client, neither did I gave her false reassurance. As this was my very first experience of having a reflective dialogue with the client, it was a good learning experience for me. I realized the importance of a good dialogue in assessing the needs and concerns of the client. Openness, good eye contact and genuine interest in the client go a long way in building a caring relationship build on trust. In future dialogue, also I would focus on being truly present with the patient. I will ask open ended questions to get in depth insight about clients concerns. This would help me to better understand a situation from clients perspective. I will not validate clients emotions or experience. Instead I will listen to the patient with openness.

Innovation in Wine Packaging

Innovation in Wine Packaging Introduction With the different readings made, the researcher will intend to list or summarise a working bibliography. ‘The process of reviewing a literature involves making judgement about what to include and exclude from your literature review and then reading what other researchers have written about your subject and writing about it in a way that demonstrate you understanding. Writing the literature review for the dissertation will convey the researchers knowledge and ideas that have been established on the topic, and will be discussed. The literature review will be an essential tool, as this will indicate that the researcher has understandings of a field of study and their relevance for their inclusion. It connects the work to a greater field of knowledge and, in more immediate terms, it demonstrates the awareness bringing the work in a wider context. The researcher will also find an added benefit since some information about the subject will be found before starting the research work. This will bring the reader up to date with current literature on the topic, and framing the future research. The literature review will also influence the work as a foundation of research, identifying relevant and appropriate material. It should also inform and underpin the research, identifying the ‘gap that the researcher is attempting to address. The literature review will also help to position the work in the context of previous research and creating a ‘research space for this piece of work. (Hart:1998:14) The Theoretical Framework In competitive markets, companies must always seek to gain market share. The standardisation of brands and products often leads to higher productivity and lower production costs, and communication. With identical packages available on the shelves, the consumers can easily identify visual codes of brands, thus strengthening their identity and reputation worldwide.   Moreover, standardisation of lifestyles, driven by consumer mobility and the development of information technologies and communication, encourages the internationalisation and standardisation of products. Faced with globalisation and the saturation of some markets, the wineries are induced to expand internationally. However, managing brands internationally, and more specifically internationalisation of the packaging is far from being easy. Due to the saturated wine industry, it is more and more important to focus the wine industry on marketing strategy efforts toward the product and the consumer to maintain market share and sustain the wine customer attention. The Packaging This is a very important marketing promotion tool to attract customer, and is now regarded as an essential ‘P of the marketing mix. According to Hall and Mitchell (2007), the wine marketing mix decisions consist of the four Ps with an additional quartet of Packaging, People, Planning, and Positioning. Some studies have taken different approaches to the packaging as a marketing tool. Paine, Frank Albert has developed a definition of the packaging as: ‘The art, science and technology of preparing goods for market and sale'(1992:34) To add, further in his book, the author defines another kind of definition as: ‘Packaging is a means of ensuring safe delivery of a product to the ultimate user, in sound condition, at minimum overall cost'(1992:52) Packaging is well-known to be as a key element of the branding process as it communicates the brand equity of the company. According to Kotler (1999 : 28): ‘The package is the buyer first encounter with the product and is capable of turning the buyer on and off It can make the perceptions of qualities, reliabilities, and value in a product, as well as loyalty, confidence, and self-expression to the consumer (Aaker, 1996). We can make our conclusion about the packaging as a commercial activity. This is a crucial factor for companies in order to ensure the promotion of their product. The packaging will aim this communication of information. Through the brand, the packaging has become way of communicate messages to the consumers. ‘Packaging has actually gained in importance in the marketing mix as consumers closely scrutinize more products on the retail shelf before purchasing. (Brand Channel: 2009: August) ‘Packaging is taking on increasing significance and extending beyond the obvious necessity of providing for protection, transportation and storage. (Giles: 1994: 73) Trends And Future Of Wine Packaging It is interesting to note that the packaging of a product is the most ephemeral in the product life. Indeed, some companies must constantly adapt to trends and market developments. A company will prefer a change in the packaging rather than the product on its own, and this change will allow sales to grow in profitability. Therefore, we say that the packaging is a way to change media. Wineries are seeking to find a new way of attracting consumers, develop new relationships with the consumers and establish and sustain a strong brand equity that will stimulate the buying process. With the ‘general decline in consumption and a change in drinking habits; [†¦] from daily wine consumption towards more occasional drinking of higher-quality wine underpinned value growth (Datamonitor 2008:October:18), it is hardly surprising that the relationship between wine and packaging has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The packaging is particularly relevant in the decision-making process. In the field of the wine packaging, the shape of the packaging, the design, drawing and colour on the label is meant to attract the attention of the potential purchaser, differentiating the product from other competitors. It influences the majority of purchases made in large and medium-sized store, with consumers increasingly fickle and demanding. The International Journal of Wine Marketings article refers to the importance of the packaging in the wine industry suggesting that: ‘It reaches out beyond the point of purchase to make statements about its purchaser. (The International Journal of Wine Marketing: Thomas: 2000:12) Researchers Wine Intelligences latest quarterly Consumer Intelligence report confirms evidence that the wine is not important ‘choosing cues. The results of this survey indicates that proportions of consumers who consider the aspects of a wine as ‘top of mind cues when choosing which bottle of wine to buy would be the Grape variety (74%), Promotional offer (66%), Country of origin(63%), Glass colour (10%) and the bottle weight (7%). When consumers are willing to purchase wine, the decision making will involve asking themselves several questions including what type of wine it is, how much the wine is, and if the brand is known. These sources of information are important for consumers. The packaging is the media that the buyer will evaluate before purchasing the wine. Companies tend to simplify the decision making process, removing the grapes varieties and the vintage, and positioning the product within the reach of most mainstream consumer. Developing innovative wine packaging will be an investment making the brand distinctive, standing out on the shelves and simply trying to compete against existing products on the market. Therefore a focus of the packaging elements is the new strategy for these wineries, in terms of marketing efforts. The packaging is one of the tools in marketing for wineries to get the right picture about the business, and help the perception and positioning in the market place. A Bet On Innovation For Wine Industry The strategies of the company are not only to look to volume, but acting for the long term. Innovation has become essential for wineries wishing to take their brands to above preserve their margins and differentiate from competitors. A third of sales of consumer products are achieved with products that did not exist three years before. (J.J. Urvoy et S. Sanchez:2007: 135) The consumer demands are increasingly strong and we can notice the need for companies to generate new needs incentives to innovate through packaging. The wine packaging is facing a new trend of packaging, based on innovations becoming increasingly complex. Packaging innovation can drive wineries to access the premium product category. Packaging innovation can move your business from a commodity driven product into a premium product category. (JoAnn Hines: Australian institute of packaging) ‘Innovative packaginggas been a key feature of premium brands in the last decade (Datamonitor :2009) The convenient, practical, easy use and inexpensive packaging is obviously the most important factor with consumers when they purchase, however in the wine industry offer few possibilities. Therefore, even if innovation in packaging is one of the most important tasks in marketing, it is nevertheless one of the most difficult. Few innovations survive if they do meet a real consumer need. Thus, the packaging does have a role to play in innovation. A packaging, suitable for the use of the consumer and its expectations in term of packaging, will probably become the best retention tool.   Adapting The New Way Of Consuming: In order to be differentiated, wines seek to appeal and attract consumers. The key success to this packaging design revolution is to meet the consumers needs looking for trend. This is the case of the Maleta winery who decided to centre their marketing efforts on their packaging design. The winery has developed unique type of packaging for each wine, which aims to spoke directly to the target consumer according to a price range. ‘After auditing their winery, existing brand, competitors, and global beverage packaging design trends we decided on a strategy that would brand the wine, not the winery. (Jump Branding Design Inc:work:packaging:maletawinery) This is very important in the wine industry, as consumers identify the wine brands personality and create association with the wine quality. The popular and premium wine company Almadens brand manager said: ‘The brand personality of Almaden is at once fresh, contemporary, innovative and experienced [] We wanted our packaging to reflect these brand characteristics, while conveying Constellation Wines universal appeal as an everyday entertaining wine. (Business Wire:2003: May) Almaden Vineyards Innovates With New Bottle Packaging; Contemporary Look Maintains Brands Tradition Of Quality. Dealing with products that answer more and more to the consumers demand, the marketers are seeking sensory experiences. The act of buying now claims emotional, and beyond basic qualities of the product, the sight or grip of its packaging may influence the purchase decision. The packaging strategy will be to solicit the consumers five senses to awaken their interest and ensure their loyalty. The packaging actually will then stimulate more touch: Paper grain, gummed, plastic. Winemakers are now targeting to the new generation of consumer. Wine brings a new trend on socialisation. Young people are used to product innovation, it is the best target for the packaging innovation as they start to consider wine, yet the packaging was never fully orientated towards youth until recently. The new packaging is adding value to the wine, becoming a part of entertaining experience, bringing some new concepts to the everyday life. Many new offers start to appear, appealing new young consumer. ‘Wine is gaining greater acceptance across more segments of the drinking population, particularly amongst younger generation consumers just beginning to formulate their alcoholic drinks preferences. (Datamonitor 2008:October:19), Some examples can illustrate the wine industry needs to meet the consumers through innovative wine packaging. The market is then driven by the growing consumers demand for innovation. Now sober and minimalist packaging can be simple with a strong visual quality that invites the consumer to try. The shape, type, and drawing of the packaging attract the potential consumers attention, who will be distinguishing a specific wine bottle from competitors. In the other hand, consumer are expecting from the packaging a communication about: ‘The relevant and appropriate information about the quality of the wine, in some way replacing the salespersons action (International Journal Of Wine Marketing, 2005,Vol 18, 33-44) A survey made in 2008 reveals that for example in the UK, 39% of consumers feel that the design in packaging had a significant level of influence over their choice of purchases.(Datamonitor:2009: 12) Customers rely heavily on the design and labelling information such as region of origin, grape variety, and awards received. At the most general level, wine label designs tend to be described as either â€Å"traditional† or â€Å"modern/contemporary† (International Journal of Wine Business Research: 2007: vol 19: 170). For that reason, Wine producers and designers wineries innovate in term of packaging, in the view of satisfying the consumers wants and desires. The practical is one of the prime factors of choice in some markets as such, the household products.   The developments of ‘nomadism caused an increase in meals outside the home, standing and watching television. The breakdown of food and the search for gain time encourage consumers to buy packaging adapted to these new consumption habits. In a general overview, the time spent in food cooking is evaluating towards fresh produce and packaged ready to eat. The consumption pattern was individualised and therefore increase the snacking habits. All these changes have led to a proliferation of ready to eat, individual and transportable. The new lifestyles have involved a real change in the design of products. Therefore this has an impact on the image of packaging in general, since it multiplies the number of packages and thus increases the volume of waste. Some new wine packaging is more convenience in term of space. These new type of packaging can be more convenient to transport and non breakable. In that case the portability developed a new market of single serve package products, targeting a new ‘modern and fashion and socialization appeal that consumer are keen on. This new ‘single serve approach takes the wine consumption in a new way of dining or serving, keeping the wine industry with the luxury experience as looking for being chic, appropriate, convenient, accessible. (International Journal of Wine Marketing, 2005, Vol 18, 33-44). These innovations in smaller packaging ‘single-serve wine sizes permit to associate the wine consumption with new occasions. ‘The package on store shelf and in the consumers kitchen is a form of advertising which is attracting increasing design attention. (Giles: 1994:138) Many products are not hesitant about the misuse of codes reserved normally to other universes of products. Forms and graphics are involved in this transgression. This innovation is playing on the originality and fun to entertain, to differentiate and maintain market share. To illustrate this shift codes, winemakers like the Gallo Family Vineyards hasnt hesitate to bet on the uniqueness, that consumer is looking for. This is the case of their handbag style wine box for their White Grenache variety, the most famous rose wine in UK.   This bag in box has been designed in order to target a female audience. The packaging is the opportunity to develop one or more dimensions of the mark, being creative and offbeat. This type of packaging also now displays an originality and creativity overflowing marking the minds and pushed the traditional codes of bottling. Clever, transgression draws the eye and curiosity of the consumer. The aim of this new concept of packaging is to look outside the marketplace with new ideas that company could use for its own packaging. The uncommon packaging can also be a tool to provide added value to its packaging and affect the practicality of the product. The brand has to find his style and surprise the consumer, by promoting emotion without harming the product, so that it remains registered in his mind, the top of mind. The Eco-Friendly Wine Packaging Under the pressure of the increasingly environmentally conscious consumer, packaging must now be designed in logic of eco-environmental, performance, seducing consumers and reducing waste. We can also notice a new advertising argument, as being the wellness, pleasure, and authenticity with tradition. The media conveys massively the idea of a food and environmental crisis, which creates worries for the consumers. In supermarkets, we can see new innovative packaging. For example, the plastic cork or the screw caps. A new application is used for the wine packaging. Nowadays, the aim of the packaging isnt only to protect and sell. A new dimension of eco-packaging is rising. ‘Eco-packaging must do all that but also have minimal eco-impact, well be targeted, be a team player, plan for en of life, and plan for the next life. Jedlicka (2009: 8) Sustainable packaging is a strategic marketing move and Market forces are shaping the way of consuming. Products use to be made, consumed and then thrown away. Nowadays, products and their packages are remade for another kind of use, through a linear consumption, in a frame of new awareness of the purpose of what and how we chose to consumer. Not only the innovation of packaging will illustrate the product, but they it will also be communicate and talk about the packaging reduction efforts. ‘Now, along with information practices, not only can he consumer make an educated decision about the food they eat, but about the impact of that choice Jedlicka (2009:24). At first, we will define the term sustainability. Several definition and ideas have been used, however this is not a fully definition. The most adequate definition of sustainability is the definition bythe World Commission on Environment and Development. The commission suggests that sustainability should be defined as: ‘Forms of progress that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. (Brundtland Commission). For example the cork has been replaced by the screw and synthetic corks, and the bottle is slowly being replaced by new type of containers by winemakers. For instance, wineries created innovative packages for the introduction of the PET bottles, the bag-in-boxes varieties, the different versions of the TetraPaks, aluminium containers and even stand-up pouches. Those innovations on packaging are revolutionising the market of the wine industry. With a new vision as recyclable, unbreakable, lighter and visually attractive, the wine industry associate new bottles, with new packaging materials, new aspects, and new labels in order to attract new type of customer and even to target new type of niche markets. The wine industry found new eco-friendly environmental packaging option. Marketers offer to winemakers a new fresher brand with new positioning, using new packaging as a solution for a repositioning of their range of wine. An example is the new packaging from Astrapak; their benefits would be the convenient way of use and transporting, it is lightweight and sustainable. The demographics changes and consumption habits lead to use more packaging. Once products are consumed, they become waste. Faced with this increase of packaging waste, environmental issue are rise. Consumers are now concerned with the management of waste, including those due to packaging. Companies and marketers are aware of the challenges proposed by eco-design to the public. According Bethiness Laurence, director of trends and innovations of brands, it is also becoming ‘the new must-have packaging. (La revue des marques, 2008, 61, 48) A report also statute that the respondents has to give alternatives to glass bottles ‘37% indicates that they would be prepared to consider them. Plastic PET bottles and bag-in-box packaging had most consumer support. While the overwhelming majority, 63%, think all wine, however humble, should be packaged in glass bottles, when they were shown other forms of packaging, five out of six were neutral towards or indicated they were likely to buy at least one type of alternative packaging. (The Wine And Spirit Trade Association:2007) Therefore, companies are getting increasingly involved in the packaging industry, promoting not only the consumer economy, but also the biodegradation and recycling of materials. Eco-design is defined as ‘the improvement the ecological quality of a product according to Ademe (Bethiness, La revue des marques, 2008, 61, 49). This improvement requires action on several approaches: * The choice of materials when designing or improving packaging; * The type of energy required during the production phase, the distribution, transportation and management of end of life (recycling, re-use, composting); * The communication made about packaging itself, which does not happen often because companies are afraid of lose their credibility by highlighting their good will. Besides the commitment of industry, consumers must also be involved. Therefore, it would be beneficial for companies to communicate their actions and their results. ‘In food packaging, there is an unbalance between nutritional speech, too dominant, and the ecological speech, too discreet. (L. Wallentin,   La revue des marques, 2008, 61, .38) The consumer would be led to understand that packaging should not be regarded as a simple waste but as a real material to recycle. Consumer becoming more difficult, eating motif becoming knowledgeable in terms of their packaging choices and seem to be pushed towards alternative packaging. Creative solutions must be devised to provide pedagogically on packages to induce body movements such as the intelligent sorting. With this new type of packaging, companies have the benefit of new communication opportunities. ‘These innovations are helping us attract a new demographic and get people interested in wine with something other than the traditional presentation (Jean Charles Boisset :Beverage World: 2008: 56) ‘The innovative greener packaging is central to the positioning of new wines targeting a new type of drinker. The pack enhances both visibility and the financials. (Nigel Fordham: The new marketing packaging: Wildduck : 2008) The aluminium bottle is an innovation from wineries which produces the bottle using technology with pilfer-proof cap on the bottle to keep the quality of the wine without altering the taste or standard of the wine. The differentiation with the colour of the aluminium packaging makes the wine stand out on the shelf, increasing brand recognition among consumers, and in the same time, the safety and freshness. These criteria of selection are important to the consumers who see this type of wine ideal for outdoor use and to keep it longer by reducing oxidation from light penetration. With this type packaging, companies hope to attract a broad range of consumers due to his function, and also the visual appealing to the consumer. ‘Mommensin Beaujolais in an aluminium bottle.   This packaging is continually recyclable, screw cap, to make it re-sealable. The example of the Boisset Family estate is another illustration of breaking the rules in the wine industry. This burgundy estate is known for its vision of sustainability developing alternative packaging, generating a new mode of consumption. The use of PET bottles have 50 % lower carbon footprint than traditional glass wine bottles. It can be recycled continuously. For some cases, the innovation in packaging were entirely a new concept, giving a new life to the existing brand ‘ All of these innovations have helped us to transcend our traditional thinking of wine how to market wine, how to talk about wine and have really helped us to bring another dimension as far as how we look at wine itself and how we convey how to drink wine at the consumer level (Jean-Charles Boisset:Beverage Industry: 2008 :99:12) Both brands are examples of how establishing a point of difference with consumers through unique, stylish packaging can lead to success. One of the most seen new packaging on shelves of supermarket is the Tetra Prism. For example Boisset Family Estates, a family-owned producer and importer of fine wines based in Burgundy, France have launched ‘French Rabbit, a wine packed in octagonal. The owner of the winery says that new containers ‘are state-of-the-art packaging that will revolutionize the wine industry. The company also reinforces their communication about this innovative product with their message as ‘for every 4 French Rabbit wines sold, one tree is planted. French rabbit was the first premium wine in a tetrapak lunched in 2005. This new version of the Tetrapak is based on cartons, composed with 70% paper, which make this product more recyclable than glass, considering the significant decrease on weight. Another factor earth-friendly is the reducing of carbon from the transportation. ‘100% recyclable, Tetra-Prism containers reduce packaging by 90% in comparison to typical glass wine bottles. (French Rabbit wines: About the rabbit: Tetra Prism) This Chardonnay from the South of France is made in a Burgundian style; this Chardonnay is described as flavours of citrus and stone fruits, and presents a slogan ‘Savour the wine. Save the planet. (www.frenchrabbit.com) The use of paper cartons is not only the new type of innovation in term of packaging. Another container is coming on the market, the can, which gain more and more attraction. This use of packaging is not new in the market, however, new research have been made for wine, preserving qualities and freshness. This is the case of Barokes Australian Premium Wine, an Australian-based vineyard, which introduced in the market a process known as ‘Vinsafe. This innovation guarantees the longevity of the wine in the can. (www.wineinacan.com) The American Neibaum-Coppola Winery is using the same concept with Sophia Minis, which brings to the wine more sophisticated style. This Sofia Blanc de Blancs Sparkling Wine Minis is targeting for example the new young consumer, trendy and looking for fashion. (www.franciscoppolawinery.com) The bag in box (BIB). Even if this type of packaging is seen as cheap wine, and do not contain premium brands, the consumer can still get quality wine. ‘The quality of bag in box wine has improved tremendously in recent years. But the perception of the consumer is very different said professional wine taster Susan Hulme, from the Association of Wine Educators. (Reuters: 2007) The example is Blackstone Black Box Merlot which quickly moved from the low category of wine to the premium box revolution. The benefit of this packaging is the freshness that can stay up to 3 weeks after opening. Wine in flexible pouches is known to have 80% less of a carbon emission than wine bottles. The Company of Versus wine is pushing its product to the European. The consumer can see benefit though these pouches as the convenience of transport and storage. The wine is said to remain fresh up to 1 month. Nowadays the marketers in the wine industry are pushing further the new way of packaging strategies both cheaper and greener. The aim of the companies creating this type of packaging in to reduce, recycle and renew. Some research have been made on the field of packaging, including wine packaging, creating use packaging always more efficient. The scientific and technological advances in the field of wine packaging pursue objectives: the satisfaction with the taste and quality of product, convenience, health, and safety, increasing sophistication and intelligent packaging cue. However the only gap that we can find in literature between this mainstream success for these new packaging is perception from the consumers. We found some lack of information on the wine buyer‘s perception on the value of sustainable packaging. The Research Process The Questionnaire Design The purpose of this study is to elicit the methodology adopted achieved using an exploratory study on consumers perception of sustainable wine packaging. The primary purpose of the researcher is to use exploratory research to provide insights and understanding into the study in a preliminary way. As the observation and the limited number of respondents will influence the direction of the study, this research will not attend to provide a precise answer but estimate one. Therefore the research will find a greater interest in using this type of research and does not have specific assumptions concerning the survey problem. A questionnaire had to be completed by wine consumers, wine makers, wine shop owners, and retailers of France, Italy and England. The research was designed to present the relevant dimensions that consumers take into account with regards to wine packaging, what they perceive and describe comparing different type of wine packaging. The type of survey method chosen has been structured questions, where the researcher will have to explore the participants response to the topic. The study has targeted consumers between 20 and 60 years old from European countries. The questionnaire method chosen as its application, coding, analyzing and interpretation of the data are rather simple. Respondents have been limited to choose from a set of alternatives, the results are reliable. However following the attitude measuring questions, respondents could give unconscious answers. (Malhotra 2004) In order to allow respondents to easily express their perceptions, therefore avoiding suggested answers a repertory grid (RGT) approach was followed. The RGT technique of interview is used to illustrate peoples description. The RGT allows respondents to freely express their opinions and the researcher to avoid bias. In fact, the researcher will simply submit the possible choice that could help the respondent to express themselves in depth. Finally an RGT technique is relevant according to their approach in consumer behaviour studies as it elicits the different perceptions by the respondent who is asked to identify one of the alternative wine packaging. In order to complete this survey, the questionnaire was composed of four main groups of questions. First of all the researcher categorized the questions on the consumers knowledge of wine packaging, their attitudes and behaviour toward this type of drink, whether they bought wine or not, and the perceived influences they could expect of their buying behaviour from their relatives, followed by other questions such as their shopping behaviour and frequency of purchase. The questionnaire contained questions on age, gender, education, and being a wine consumer. There were also questions about the importance of the environment. To test their knowledge of sustainable wine packaging, the respondents have been asked to tell if they knew what s

Puberty Essay -- Human Development Papers

Puberty Let's talk about puberty. What is the first thing that comes into our minds when we say puberty? Well, sex is the most common thought that pops out from the head of many people. But there is much more than sex to puberty. Puberty is a very unique and important evolving stage of all males and females. During puberty, guys and girls go through many changes that we might find funny, scary and weird. During puberty, the level of testosterone and estrogen in both boys and girls increases greatly. The rapid increase of testosterone and estrogen is what triggers the beginning of puberty. Now lets give the changes that boys and girls experience during puberty. During puberty, some changes happen only to girls, and some happen only to boys. What type of changes can are expected to happen to girls? First of all, the girl's breasts will begin to grow and get fuller. Sometimes, one breast may grow faster than the other. Some girls' breasts grow more rapidly than other girl's. Some girls' breasts remain small throughout their adult lives. Also during puberty, the girl...

Present Provoking Past :: Free Essay Writer

Present Provoking Past â€Å"Analyze a characters’ response to the past as a source of meaning in a work† â€Å" . . . the past, no matter what it was like, never becomes a matter of indifference to the present.† In One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich, Alexander Solzhenitsyn portrays one normal day in the life of Shukhov (Ivan Denisovich), a Russian peasant unfairly confined in one of Stalin’s forced labor camps for political prisoners. Throughout the novel, Solzhenitsyn depicts how Shukhov has adapted to his surroundings and has been able to survive with a dignity other prisoners have lost throughout their confinement. It is exactly the way Shukhov has been able to live and survive in prison, that reveals how he has responded to his past, even when all the author reveals to the reader is the characters’ immediate present. Shukhov responded to his past by clinging to aspects of his â€Å"previous life† which allowed him to maintain his humanity, and thus survive, and by letting go of those which didn’t. Many critics argue that imprisonment robs individuals of their humanity for, in order to survive, they grow accustomed to their harsh life and loose basic human responses. Solzhenitsyn however, proves through Shukhov, that even within confinement, where prisoners are robbed of every kind of possession, freedom and humanity can still exist within. What aspects then, does Shukhov hold on to, and which ones does he let go of in order to survive? First of all, it is very important to clarify that survival in the novel is very relative. Surviving for some of the prisoners is merely enduring life, no matter the cost, such as for Fetiukov who stoops even to collecting other prisoners’ left over cigarette buds, even though he puts himself in danger of catching a syphilitic lip. For Shukhov however, surviving goes far beyond making it alive. Shukhov shares Kuziomin’s same belief that those who lick other men's leftovers, those who count on the doctors to pull them through, and those who squeal on their buddies don’t make it, for it’s at the expense of not just other people’s blood, but at the expense of loss of self-value, of self-worth. Thus, for Shukhov, surviving is going on living, while maintaining his freedom and humanity, even in an environment which has total control over him. As consequence, the most important thing that Shukhov holds on to is his intrinsic code of values and morals.

The Ministers Black Veil Essays -- Literature, Hawthorne

In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil," Mr. Hooper, a Reverend in the town of Milford, surprises his parishioners by donning a conspicuous black veil one Sunday. The town is visibly spooked, yet still curious, about his eerie appearance and profoundly affected by his sermon on secret sin. "A subtle power was breathed into his words. Each member of the congregation, the most innocent girl, and the man of hardened breast, felt as if the preacher had crept upon them, behind his awful veil, and discovered their hoarded iniquity of deed or thought" (2432). The parishioner's expect that Hooper will only don the veil for one day and then remove it, having used the visage to make his point on secret sin, but they are taken aback to find that he does not remove the veil after that sunday, but in fact, ultimately wears it until his death. The town begins to gossip about why the Parson wears the crepe, questioning his purity and straying away from his person. When the Parson's i ntended, Elizabeth, asks him to do away with his foolishness and remove the veil, he sadly refuses, and Elizabeth reluctantly leaves him. The story concludes as the Parson dies, isolated by his choice to wear the veil with only the dying and the dead taking comfort in his presence, proclaiming that on each face he sees a black veil. In "The Minister's Black Veil," Nathaniel Hawthorne seeks to showcase the flaws of a society in which its members wear and create false facades by illustrating how it separates and alienates the individual from society, peers, reality, and spirituality. In The Minister's Black Veil, Parson Hooper uses his black veil as a way to represent an individual verses their hidden sin. He sees each member of his community as havi... ...o despise the veil are warranted in their dislike, because it is unnatural, shocking, and sudden. For them to react any other way would be odd. All but Elizabeth fail to ask him to remove the veil as well as the deeper meaning behind it. Sow could they expect him to yield to demands they themselves never voiced? Perhaps if the veil bothered his parishioners so greatly, they would have become more proactive in revealing their secret sins and thus relieved the Parson of his burden. Neither side is per say 'right', but it is important to note that the Parson acted out of desire to help the parishioners while the parishioners didn't truly act at all. Works Cited Lauter, Paul, Richard Yarborough, and John Alberti. "The Minister's Black Veil." The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Vol. B. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Pub., 2009. 2431-439. Print.

The Impacts of Cyber Bullying

Kids all over the world have easy access to phones, computers, and other electronic devices, making it easier for kids to become vulnerable to online bullying. As a 2003-04 survey by Org indicates, 42% of kids have been bullied while online and 58% have not told their parents or an adult about something mean or hurtful that happened to them online. Kids are increasingly becoming victims of cyber bullying, causing lowered self esteem, mental health Issues, and In severe cases can trigger suicidal tendencies.Anyone is susceptible to cyber bullying and with social networking sites, like Faceable, on the rise; the need to fit in can take a toll on us mentally. According to Claudia Schwartz, a marriage and family therapist, â€Å"teens who spend a lot of time on the social networking website – and who already have low- self esteem- are vulnerable to Faceable Depression. † Reading negative comments and constantly make comparisons with others on Faceable can cause a downward s piral fast. Schwartz says, â€Å"Parents need to help teens understand that Faceable Depression Is a serious problem. She urges parents to manage their kids' time online, so it doesn't affect other things such as school or homework. Depression can come in all types of forms; recognizing the signs in others and one's self can greatly make an impact on the society as a whole. Apart from mental health Issues, cyber bullying has been known to cause suicidal tendencies. One notable Incident was that of Phoebe Prince, a 15 year old girl who hung herself due to months of torment by students at South Hadley High School. Kids would torment Prince through text message and through the social networking site, Faceable.Like Prince, many teens around the world have thought or resorted to suicide, because they felt there was no other outlet; they felt that's what their bullies wanted them to do. One of the seaways to stop cyber bullying Is to talk about It. Talk to friends, parents, and teachers, someone you feel you can trust. Kids who are being bullied don't have to just take it. Technology should be used to help you ace an English essay, to interact with friends and family, or even to play the latest video game. Put a stop to cyber bullying by not becoming one. Sanely 7 February 2012 Works Citied â€Å"cyber sullying: statistics and Tips.

The Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations

The Charles the Tempter Great Expectations, a fable released in 1861 about social review, is a spirit level of a young boy named mop who was in struggle to find his band or to be successful preferably than to be confined on universe a familiar human bes of his time. The novel was set in the mid-nineteenth century and took spatial relation in the town of Kent and Lon don, England. Using the jump person point of view, photograph, the protagonist in the novel talked about his childhood in the first few chapters of the book, describing his life, the first see to it with the convict who allowing soon changed his passel in the quest chapters.He also mentioned the phylogeny of his fascination and later on screw for Estella, who was trained to break a mans heart. Un kindred the conventional the traditional novels and falsehood structure, the novel of Dickens does not contain a particular antagonist, rather, he visualized some stack who pass on affect the existence o f dash. He make several(prenominal) constituents who took charge of the antagonism in the novel in the person of Magwitch, Estella, Orlick, turn a loss Havisham, Compeyson and Bentley Drummle. They will cause some of gains misfortune and struggles.Magwitch, Miss Havisham and Estella, in the closedown of the novel redeemed themselves and conciliate with collide with (Dickens, n. pag). The novel set upd many symbols which were explained done the actions of the characters. The clocks which were break danceped in the house of Miss Havisham symbolize her attempt to stop time darn the other objects like handcuffs, convicts, file and chains stands for guilt and innocence. Joe, the husband of come tos sister is the conscience and loyalty. These symbols helped the protagonist to further develop his character (Philips & Cheng, n.pag).In mixed tones of cheerfulness, dramatic and sympathetic storytelling, Pip showed what his life was all about, what happened to him and what happen ed to his thirst of being trained as a military man in the world wherein common people werent enough to be respect and treated fairly. Although the novel talked about several crimes and dealt with such criminality, these made Pip a person of oftentimes desire. The novel cease when they failed to help Magwitch escape from being imprisoned, following his death.Miss Havisham was redeemed in the end while Estella and Pip were reconciled with apiece other. Pip had reconciliation with Joe also and the story end with Pip and Estella walked hand in hand and promised never to part again (Dickens, n. pag). It is rather interesting that Charles Dickens worked on two terminations for this novel. The natural writer have a fix idea or story in mind thus, any criticism will not prevent him from publication what he does like. In this case, Charles Dickens was influenced by what the people might think of the novel.Instead of vainglorious the readers a tragic and sad death, he ventured in to following the suggestion of his good colleague Edward Bulwer to ingest a happy end point so that he people will be happy with what happened between the characters. piece of music his critics sight that the ending published was slight of reality, the people who embraced the happy ending the authoritative ending was too harsh and thought that their past is actually a duad for them to be together in the end of the novel. They pointed out that their experiences would lead them into mutual schooling and soon will help two to realize that they were in love with each other (Philips & Cheng, n.pag).The second ending were Estella and Pip reconciled and walked away holding reach was the one published because of Dickens desire to in some way please his readers while the professional ending was left hanging and was not employ to simplyify the ending of the story. interchangeable the critics of Charles Dickens Great Expectations, I go in favor with them that the ending used was not appropriate and that it does depict reality. It is sort of impossible that after what happened between him and Estella, he would re chief(prenominal) to love her despite of her being that girl who broke his heart.The original ending is far more considerate and naturalistic in the sense that in life, it is kinda impossible to retain the love you olfactory property for the person after going by so many troubles somehow caused by the same person. Also, the difference in their stead and the way they were raised is a actually big factor why they should not be brought back together. The way that Estella judged Pip because of his status and the fact that he is just a common person, is enough attest that the two will not be compatible with one another.In the end, their reunion and reconciliation with each other did not prepare a better look of reality and it also did not simply support a better justification with the perch expectations which Pip had. The ending also foreshado wed the main idea of having a fair and fitting ending. It also shows that those people who have meet us can be assumption a chance to hurt us more for the second time. Although I dont really criticize the ending of the novel, I would just want to give an opinion regarding the reality that the book should have.Although it was an narration fiction, it should still have a breath of reality in it so that it will be more convincing. Analyzing the background of twain Pip and Estella, there was really no hint that the latter will fall in love with the former and that their common pasts of being deceive and fooled does not liberate the reason that they became compatible with it. In the end, whether it was a bad ending or a favored ending, the novel brought realization and many teachings to the readers thus, it opens the mind of a person and it somehow touches the heart of someone who gives too much attention of their life expectations.