Compare and Contrast of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Essay

Investigate of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser - Essay Example Do the compositions of the writers, Upton Sinclair and Eric Schlosser have the idle solidarity to change the worth frameworks and convictions of the perusers for all time? Schlosser makes the perusers considers every option and accomplishes the reason to persuade the general population to change their perspectives on the cheap food industry, and change the current states of the business by singular activity and gathering fights. The conversations among the perusers have made a solid hall against the meat preparing industry. Sinclair has various sorts of desire and his works are politically roused. He wishes to advance the reason for communism and he attempts to persuade his perusers to switch their psychological set-up. He presents a case before them in his sincere endeavors to veer them round to the communist standards. Enthusiastic substance and the realities identified with the issue: Comparatively, Fast Food Nation offers unequivocally to the reader’s feeling of ethos, tenderness and logos and it completely accomplishes its motivation. Schlosser starts the book with an unmistakable notice to the American individuals. He composes, â€Å"Hundreds of a large number of individuals purchase inexpensive food consistently without really thinking about it, unconscious of the inconspicuous and not all that unpretentious consequences of their buys. They seldom consider where this food originated from, how it was made, what it is doing to the network around them. They simply get their plate off the counter, locate a table, sit down, un-wrap the paper and burrow in.... They should comprehend what truly prowls between those sesame-seed buns. As the well-known adage goes: You are what you eat, (Schlosser, p. 10). It fuels an everlasting mindfulness among the perusers and brings out battling soul agains t the current barbaric patterns that have gotten pat of the way of life of the meat preparing industry. The Jungle takes to the way of purposeful publicity writing and the peruser stays unconvinced about the issues raised and the arrangements offered. Communism is Sinclair’s perspective on life, not the

1.Was the British Empire a force for good Essay

1.Was the British Empire a power for good - Essay Example wistfulness for an increasingly socialized and kind Greater Britain through TV programs, for example, This Sceptred Isle and Empire’s Children, while print pundits straightforwardly censure it as a blood-recolored dictatorship (Brendon, 2007). History specialist Lawrence James contends, ‘ploughing a recognizable furrow,’ however we ought to consistently be glad for the Empire that built up soundness, progress, and helpful establishments in provinces. In this exploration paper, I attempted to characterize British Empire’s job as positive or negative and reason that it was neither acceptable nor awful, however confounded. One must contend that why there is debate about it. Fundamentally, huge scope of British Empire and its enduring effect embodies a period wherein the entirety of the non-Europeans were overwhelmed by Europeans. Another purpose behind contention about Empire is its immensity that opposes basic rundown, and thusly, points of view on it likewise change absurdly. It is workable for Empire’s admirers or rivals to pick a few models so as to demonstrate that British guideline, overall, was positive or negative, and its heritages as advantageous or devilish. Some affirm that it was a motor of modernization, while others accept that it was a vehicle of misuse (Jackson, 2013, p.4). As decolonization of European Empires hastened during the 1960s, Jean-Paul Sartre composed that, â€Å"†¦It was only a philosophy of falsehoods, an ideal legitimization for loot; its sweet words, its fondness of reasonableness were just vindications for our aggressions† (refered to in Jackson, 201 3, p.4) while Niall Ferguson contends that British Empire was superior to different realms from a similar period. The record of British Empire isn't clean using any and all means, however it gave us worldwide exchange and the standard of law (refered to in Jackson, 2013, p.4). With an end goal to investigate Empire’s credits, one may prompt the possibility that British Empire was a liberal realm. It was set up on the principals traditionally articulated by Edmund Burke, who declared that provincial government was a

Essay Conclusion Samples - Ethics For A Young Person

Essay Conclusion Samples - Ethics For A Young PersonEthics essay conclusion samples can be used to help students write and learn from their own essays. These examples can help students create writing that is reflective of how they have lived their lives.With these writing examples, students can begin to recognize a very important concept. This concept is called 'spirituality.' Spirituality is the outlook, feelings, thoughts, and beliefs that a person has about life.It also includes the behavior that a person has shown in achieving their ideals for living and acting on that belief. Ethical behavior, therefore, includes behaviors that are consistent with the ideals of a person's life.The idea of 'ethical behavior' is the basis for many aspects of our society. Ethics, a person believes in and behaves according to his/her beliefs, is reflected in their actions and those actions are reflected in all areas of life.Ethics, therefore, is a whole. It involves everyone in society and it impact s those who believe in it. In order to deal with it effectively, ethics is important for each person in society.Some people think that the term 'ethical' means more than just 'not immoral' but that the term itself is meaningless. Many times, the concept of ethics is not stated at all but implied in the 'system' of values that we live our lives by.These ethics are not what a person believes but the behaviors that go along with having those beliefs. Ethics, therefore, are more than just personal feelings or thoughts, but are a conscious action that demonstrates an attitude about a given situation.In the same way, the beliefs a person has about some areas of life are also a part of the ethics he/she has, even if that person does not realize it. By writing a good essay conclusion sample, a student can help themselves through the process of determining what their values are, and then writing about those values.

Professionalism and the Foundations of Dental Practice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2623 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/04 Category Career Essay Level High school Tags: Professionalism Essay Did you like this example? Professionalism is one of the most important fundamental aspects for a healthcare practitioner. It embodies the very essence of how a private practice should be operated properly. This is because it encompasses not one particular aspect of a practice, but all aspects. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Professionalism and the Foundations of Dental Practice" essay for you Create order Without it, not only would the practice ultimately fail, but also everyone associated with the practice (patients, doctor, and staff) may be affected in such a way that his or her very well being, health, and safety may be put at risk. Professionalism does not strictly apply to private practice though. Professionalism applies to other healthcare facilities including educational institutions like Nova Southeastern University. One of the fundamental aspects of professionalism in the dental practice is infection control. The same protocols apply to the orthodontic practice as well. This is because dental patients and dental healthcare providers have the potential for exposure to a vast array of microorganisms including HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV, HSV1, HSV2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, staphylocci, streptococci and others. Infection control is broken down into two tiers of recommended precautions within the healthcare setting: transmission-based and standard precautions. The less common transmission-based precautions are added level of precautions to standard precautions that are used when patients may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents. These precautions are more often used in a hospital-based setting with added precautions like ensuring the patient is placed in an airborne infection isolation room (AIIR) in the case the patient is known or suspected to be infected with Tuberculosis and limiting transport and movement of the patient outside of the room for solely purposes that warrant medical necessities. The more common tier of infection control within an orthodontic practice is standard precautions. These are used on every patient. Standard precautions are divided into sub-categories that include: hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), respiratory hygiene/cough recommendations, proper patient placement, proper handling of clean and disinfected instruments, handling of laundry, injection safety, and proper handling of sharps. The recommended protocol for hand hygiene will vary depending on the procedure done, the amount of contamination present, and the desired persistence of antimicrobial action on the skin. Hand washing with soap and water is indicated when there is visual evidence of contamination of the hands with proteinaceous material or when they are visibly soiled with body fluids like blood. If the hands are not visibly soiled, then an alcohol-based hand disinfectant is suitable to decontaminate the hands. It is important for the healthcare provider to understand that gloves do not preclude the need for hand washing. The hands must be decontaminated before direct patient contact. Kalra et al. recommend hand washing for one minute under cold water to minimize the amount of skin pores that open and then use a hand disinfectant afterwards. To minimize dryness that may occur as a result of frequent hand hygiene, a lotion may be used. However, petroleum-based lotions should be used only at the end of the workday to minimize any latex glove weakening and increased permeability. Personal protective equipment (PPE) in the dental setting involves certain protective clothing like gowns, gloves, masks, protective eyewear, and face shields. PPE is aimed to protect against exposure of the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, and mouth and the skin to blood or other potentially infectious materials (OPIM). This is especially important when using rotary dental instruments like handpieces that create a visible spray (composed of aerosols and spatter) that may contain potentially infectious agents.6 Honda and Iwata recommend that to improve proper PPE compliance, the most important approach is through training and education. Specifically, healthcare workers should receive repetitive hands-on training periodically to reinforce the principals that govern proper PPE compliance. To preclude contamination of normal, everyday clothing, protective clothing should be worn. The protective clothing should be changed as quickly as possible when the healthcare provider notices vis ible contamination of it. Before leaving work, the healthcare provider should also remove all protective clothing and equipment. OSHA states that employers are responsible for training employees on proper PPE protocols, for providing the PPE, and ensuring that the work place is best equipped to minimize potential health and barrier hazards by doing a hazard assessment. For an employer to select the PPE that is best suited for employee protection, OSHA requires that much of the PPE including eye and face protection to meet the stands set fort by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). However, this is no ANSI standard for gloves, therefore, OSHA recommends picking gloves that are best suited for what tasks are to be done. A meta analysis by Brewer et al. compared the rates of surgical site infection (SSI) between sterile and non-sterile gloves in common outpatient dental procedures and found no difference in the rate of postoperative SSI between the two gloves. The sterilization of equipment and dental instruments falls into three categorizes: critical, semicritical, and noncritical. These categories are based on the items potential risk to transmit infectious agents associated with its intended task. Critical items represent the highest risk of disease transmission. As such, they should always be heat sterilized. These items include instruments use to penetrate the soft tissue and bone like surgical instruments and periodontal scalars. For orthodontic practices, these items include temporary anchorage devices (mini-implant placement kits), bands, band forming pliers, band removers, and ligature directors. Semicritical items have lower risks than critical items for the transmission of diseases. They include items that come into contact with non-intact skin and mucous membranes like amalgam condensers, dental impressions tray that are reusable, mouth mirrors, and retractors. As such, the majority of these items are heat tolerable and should be heat sterilized when they are. If they cannot be heat sterilized, the item should either be replaced with a heat tolerant one or a disposable alternative found that is used only once and discarded appropriately. Most orthodontic instruments also fall under this category. A very important item that also falls under this category is the dental handpiece and its associated attachments including reusable prophy angles and low-speed motors. These items should never be disinfected with a surface or high-level disinfectant and instead, always heat sterilized between patients.10 This is because studies have shown that during patient use, the internal stru ctures of the handpiece and its associated attachment can become contaminated which puts the next patient at risk to potentially infectious materials if only disinfected and not heat-sterilized.10 In fact, a 2017 study aimed at evaluating the level of disinfection of high-speed handpieces with 70% w/v alcohol found the that level of bactericide and fungicide action was insufficient with the survival of microorganisms and spores that normally would be killed with heat-sterilization.11 In 2018, the CDC updated their recommendations for dental handpieces and recommends that if a handpiece or intraoral device can be removed from dental unit air and waterlines, then they should be cleaned and heat-sterilized between patients. To best follow proper protocols, the CDC recommends that DHCPs follow the manufacturers instructions for sterilizing, cleaning and lubrications the devices. In addition, the handpieces should have FDA clearance. In the even that the handpiece does not have FDA clear ance and cannot be heat-sterilized, it should be discarded immediately.12 For other orthodontic instruments, chemical disinfection is more detrimental to the lifespan of these instruments like cutters than is autoclave sterilization. Chemical disinfection may cause unwanted, localized corroding like pitting which is more deleterious for the patient than surface corrosion. The same can be sad for surface disinfectants that come in the form of a spray, because the pH within the spray may damage the chromium oxide layer of the instrument. Finally, noncritical items include those items that pose the least risk of transmitting infectious materials by contacting skin that is still intact and thus is an effective barrier to microorganism penetration. They include items like blood pressure cuffs, facebow, pulse oximeter, and radiograph head/cone.10 In the case of orthodontic equipment, Kalra et al. identified least critical objects that those instruments that do not touch the mucous membranes. They include orthodontic instruments like ligature cutters, torquing keys, distal-end cutters, V-bend forming pliers, arch form pliers, and bracket positioning gauges. All of which must be disinfected.5 Unless visibly soiled, cleaning is sufficient. If visibly soiled, then an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant should be used after cleaning. When the item is visibly soiled with OPIM or blood, then an intermediate-level disinfectant should be used with tuberculocidal claim. Depending on the intended use of the item within the dental practice, that should determine the level of disinfection necessary and as such DHCPs should closely follow the manufacturers directions regarding exposure time and concentrations for proper disinfectant activity for that specific product. When sterilizing instruments, its crucial to adhere to standard protocols to ensure that the sterilization process is effective. Before sterilizing and disinfecting instruments, it is vital to remove debris and organic contamination from blood and saliva. Failure to do so may result in microorganisms being protected underneath the debris and compromise the sterilization efficacy. This can be done using an ultrasonic cleaner or washer-disinfector.The instruments should be dried after cleaning and inspected, wrapped, and packaged before heat sterilization. Sterilizer performance is critical and as such must be monitored regularly to ensure its performance is working properly. Using a combination of indicators that are biological, chemical, and mechanical in nature can do this. The most accepted method to do for monitoring sterilization is using biological indicator, otherwise known as spore tests. This is because the spore tests use highly resistant microorganisms like Geobacillus or B acillus species and directly assess the killing process. Spore tests must be done once per week at a minimum. Because spore tests are only done sporadically, mechanical and chemical tests should also be used. While they do not guarantee sterilization, they allow the DHCP to assess any procedural or equipment errors and malfunctions that may be occurring. Mechanical monitoring involves assessing sterilization equipment by looking at computer printouts, gauges, exposure times, temperature readings, etc. Chemical monitoring involves assess color changes that occur in certain chemical when exposed to high temperatures. Examples of these chemical indicators include strips or tabs and chemical indicator tapes. Inside every package, there should be a chemical indicator so that the DHCP can see that the sterilization process made it inside the package. An external indicator should be also be used in cases where the DDHCP cannot see the internal chemical indicator. If there is no change in color of the chemical, those dental instruments should not be used. Finally, its vital to maintain accurate records to ensure that the sterilization is being done properly and effectively to establish accountability. To achieve this, its important to have the manufacturer instructions readily available for use. It is also important to assign responsibilities for reprocessing of dental equipment to employees who are appropriately trained in sterilization duties. During the handling and reprocessing of instruments, and equipment, DHCP should always wear PPE. Environmental surfaces should also be routinely cleaned and disinfected. Before disinfection, cleaning should always be done as it removes a large proportion of microorganisms prior to disinfection. Disinfection kills all microorganisms that are recognized as being pathogenic except for bacterial spores. In fact; Rutala et al. defined sterilization as killing of all microorganisms including bacterial spores. Examples include steam at high temperatures and liquid immersion with chemical sterilants. Disinfection was categorized into high and low-level disinfection. High-level disinfection involves destroying all microorganisms except for high numbers of bacterial spores. Examples include pasteurization and liquid immersion with a different chemical sterilant. Low-level disinfection does not destroy bacterial spores as well as mycobacteria. It does destroy vegetative bacteria and some fungi and viruses. Examples include EPA-registered disinfectants that have no tuberculocidal claim and 70-90% alcohol. Cleaning and disinfecting should be emphasized on environmental surfaces where there is a high chance for contamination with pathogens. Examples include clinical contact surfaces like bracket trays, light handles, switches for dental units, and computer keyboards. To minimize the level of contamination whenever possible, the DHCP should place a protective barrier over the surfaces. After, the surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected between patient.10 Housekeeping surfaces that pose less of a risk of being contaminated can be cleaned with regular soap and water unless there is visible evidence of contamination with blood, then they too, must be disinfected.10 Bacterial growth and biofilm formation are also very prevalent in dental unit waterlines. Their formation occurs because of uneven water flow rates, the long narrow-bore tubing present within the waterline, and because oral fluids may be retracted within the system. The water must be treated to meet the standards consistent with typical drinking water set for by the EPA of less than or equal to 500 CFU/mL of heterotrophic bacteria. Simply providing water-bottle systems or using independent reservoirs is not enough to ensure quality water standards. Cleaning dental unit waterlines can be difficult. Szymanska and Sitkowska found that contamination of waterlines occurred regularly with aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Mesophile bacteria had mean concentrations that exceeded 1.1105 CFU/mL in the dental unit reservoir. Bulkholderiaceae, Rolstoniaeceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Pseudomonadaceae were the predominant Gram-negative bacterial species found within the dental unit rese rvoir. Nearly half of all aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria constituted Ralstonia pickettii. Brevibacterium were the highest percentage among Gram-possible rods while Actinomyces species had the highest percentage shares of all Gram-positive microorganisms. Given the diversity of microorganisms within the dental unit waterline, the ADA recommends testing the water that comes out of the unit. There are produces that can estimate the number of free-floating heterotrophic bacteria within the unit. There are also water quality indicators that cannot only detect the type of aerobic mesophilic heterotrophic waterborne bacteria but also the concentration too. There are four methods to improve the water quality within the dental unit. None of the methods will eliminate biofilms though. The four methods include: chemical treatments, filtration, anti-retraction valves, and using water sources that are separate from the public water system. The best way to maintain the dental unit wat erlines and ensure high water quality is to follow the manufacturers recommendations for monitoring water quality and invoke strict protocols with staff involving regular water checks. A study by Wirthlin and Roth found that chlorine dioxide waterline cleaners were the most effective at containing dental-unit waterline contamination. In cases of accidental exposures, immediately wash cuts and needlesticks with soap and water. Eyes should be irrigated with water or saline solution. Flush splashes should be performed to the nose, skin, and mouth.18 In the cases of potential bloodborne exposure to HIV, immediate medical consult should be done. Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) will often be initiated that involves a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs for a four-week duration. Close follow-up and counseling will also be done from baseline to six months after exposure. Adhering to strict infection control practices within orthodontic practices and educational institutions as a whole is vital to patient and DHCP safety. It does not matter if it is here at Nova Southeastern University or in private practice. The use of standard precautions helps mitigate the risks of contamination to microbial pathogens and exposure to infectious materials. The onus is on the orthodontist and other DHCPs to ensure that infec tion control procedures are never deviated from the standard, that infection control is always made a priority, and that routine education is given to keep up-to-date with the latest guidelines. Maintaining a sense of professionalism and integrity will ensure that such principles and protocols are followed. As one of the key components of ethics, integrity ensures that the DHCP maintains a strong sense of moral character and subsequently leads by example. Only then can the DHCP achieve a level of respect, honor, trustworthiness, dependability, honesty, and truthfulness.

History and Theory Essays - 1023 Words

History and Theory The world is full of magical realism. Magical Realism may just become a word that people thought of in the 1930s; however, magical realism has been here for as long as the people have been able to tell and write stories. Whether the stories are true or made up, they are all magical realism. The first author who started associating the words of magical realism to out was a German art critic, by the name of Franz Roh. Roh considered magical realism an art category. It represented and responded to reality and depicted the enigmas of reality. In Latin America in the 1940s, magical realism was a way to express the realistic American mentality and create an autonomous style of literature. One feature of magical†¦show more content†¦Many authors state that in the material state that some are deceived by the strategies and the failure as to the way the authors portray the words of magical realism. Wendy B. Faris wrote in her essay about children and their imagination. Children act upon their imaginations. The books that she talks about are for entertainment for readers. The fiction that Wendy B. Faris spoke is are modern and contemporary and is all basically magical realism. Irene Guenther is an author who has spoken of expressionism describing magical realism. Irene spoke of Roger Fry and the post-impressionism. He believed that the children had their own expression. The essay that she wrote states the date of 1920 as the time of magical realism. Basically, the words magical realism has been with us for a long time. Each and every author has a different date as to when the words magical realism came into focus. Amaryll Chanady speaks of control in her essay. Imagination and fiction are aspects of daily life. She speaks of imagination and what people are lacking in the world today. Amaryll Chanady spoke of the articles that artist and writers put in their books, and she states that they would not be able to do their thing without the imagination of magical realism. Franz Roh spoke of magical realism compared to painting and music as well as literature. Most people may or can understand magical realism upon reading a book; however, when art and music are involvedShow MoreRelatedA Short History of Progress2404 Words   |  10 Pagesthen, matters would have been much better if the innovation had never been implemented. In his book, â€Å"A Short History of Progress,† he alludes to history by citing examples of past civilizations that collapsed after prospering, and ones that had longevity because they avoided the perilous progress trap. Wright recommends that societies of today should use indispensable resources, such as history, to learn and apply the reasons as to why certain societies succeeded, while also avoiding falling into theRead MoreHistory and Theory Essay973 Words   |  4 PagesHistory and Theory The viewpoints if Sigmund Freud and Carl Rogers have similarities and differences. Both have made significant contribution to the psychology field. The theories from Freud and Rogers are still used in modern psychology. Freud is best known for creating psychoanalysis and Rogers is renowned for developing the person-centered therapy. The subject of this paper pertains to Freud’s and Rogers’ views of their respective theories, how different their theories would beRead MoreThe History of Cell Theory961 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of Cell Theory As we all probably know today, every single living being is made up by cells Ââ€" the building blocks of life. 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Our subsequent growing up can be seen as a process of progressively shedding the literal beliefs of early life, from Father Christmas and EasterRead MoreHistory And Theories Of Counseling827 Words   |  4 Pagesimportantly, their biases and their prejudices (Sue Sue, 2016). Because of the complexity of working with populations from diverse backgrounds, a broad range of counseling theories and research is needed. Impact of History and Theories of Counseling Cultural blindness still plagues the counseling profession because a lack of a theory on cultural oppression and its relationship to the development of world views. Counselors tend to respond according to their own conditioned values, assumptions, andRead MoreThe History of Dream Theory1927 Words   |  8 PagesThe History of Dream Theory 1 DREAM THEORY Your Name Your School Your Class Your Teachers Name The History of Dream Theory 2 Abstract Dreams are the language of a persons subconscious mind. 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It is frequently said thatRead MoreThe Theory Of History And Division Of Labor1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theory of History Karl Marx and Emile Durkheim are the great sociologists in this world; they give us many thoughts about the social theory and let us to learn how the society is. They both had described a theory of human history and division of labor. Despite some differences, Marx and Durkheim have concentrated on the emergence of modern capitalism especially with the rise of the modern system of division of labor and the evolution of market society. Their methods are developed through theRead MoreHistory of Management Theory Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT THEORY History of Management Theory Troy Thompson 5409 Foxglove Drive, Bossier City, LA 71112 318-918-7413 Troythompson98@yahoo.com MSM 500 May 21, 2010 Class Instructor: Dr. David Bouvin Ellis University Introduction People and processes are the main elements under management purview, and it is interesting to learn how managerial philosophy pertaining to these two elements has evolved from the Industrial Revolution throughout theRead MoreMontessori : History And Developmental Theory1043 Words   |  5 PagesMontessori - History and Developmental Theory Kelsie Nesbitt Georgian College Abstract This paper will explore Maria Montessori and her theories on early childhood education. 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The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass - 1485 Words

Jonquell Connors Professor Ewing History 2010 7 November 2015 Slaves Breaking The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was an autobiography written by Fredrick Douglass himself. There are tons of books written about slavery, but this narrative is one of the first accounts written by an actual slave. Douglass talks about the horror stories behind the lives of many slaves. Douglas’s father was a slave owner and his mother was a slave named Harriet Bailey, which means Douglass was born biracial. Within the autobiography he talks about life as a slave on the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Baltimore throughout the younger years of his life. He also discusses how slave owners would rape their slave women to satisfy both their sexual†¦show more content†¦They seldom knew what it was to eat a full meal (Douglass 21)†. Starvation of the slaves was another form of torture practiced by many of the slave owners in America. Starving the slaves showed them that they had zero control. By Starving the slaves it deprived them of their dignity and br oke them down mentally causing them to bow down to their slave owners. In chapter five Douglas discusses how children were forced to eat corn mush out of a communal trenches, usually only the strongest children were able to eat leaving the weakest to starve and go malnourished. Douglass talks about the beatings and murders of slaves, which is turned by a blind eye from the authorities. Douglass compares several killings to Mr. Gore, Mr. Hopkins overseer, killing Demby, a slave, he talks about how Mr. Thomas Landman killed a slave with a hatchet and received no chastisement for his actions. Douglas also discussed how he watched his Aunt Hester get beaten as a young boy by her slave owner and how if frightened him so much, towards the end of chapter one Douglass says, â€Å"I was so terrified and horror-stricken at the sight, that I hid myself in a closet, and dared not venture out till long after the bloody transaction was over. I expected it would be my turn next. It was all new to me. I had never seen any thing like it before (Douglass 5)†. The slaveholders attempted to put in as

Review Reflecting & Discussing Outcomes for Effective Implementation

Question: Discuss about theReview Reflecting Discussing Outcomes for Effective Implementation. Answer: The outcomes as that would be clearly evident with the adoption of marketing plan would primarily reveal the significance that is attributed to its future growth. Not only does the marketing plan bring forth the crucial aspects that Marie Stopes International can consider with the effective implementation, it also does take into account the positive outcomes. there are various factors that have been taken into consideration while designing the same. the results that are evident can also include the needed focus and penetration into more markets going further. with the analysis done on the consumer behavior strategies and the adoption of various techniques, the culture prevalent within the organization can be further improvised. The use of effective measures and the contraceptives that need to be utilized in an appropriate manner can be well rendered as an outcome. Apart from the benefits that can be seen, there are few pitfalls too that need to be argument here. Whereas the organization has the prime focus on the benefits to be attributed at the community level, the professional development does not coincide with its shared leadership sought model. The organization has to well take into account the concentration of empowerment and that it is not misused in any manner. The Ansoff market penetration strategy considered for the organization as an alternative can be well deployed to increase the market share. What is more crucial is the implementation of the various policies and if a justified approach is well deployed to take control of the various influences from the competitors in the market. Also the organization primarily has the offerings in terms of services which cannot be well justified with the Ansoff approach focusing on the products for any organization. The key constraint with the market share to be offered as a compromise would not stand to be effective considering the various markets in which the organization operates. The various channels as adopted through the social networking model and creating an impact on the society at large have its cons too (Chong, A. Y. L et al., 2017). There are greater influences which the community would perceive and can be negative to a greater extent. Marie Stopes International is committed to effective delivery of services and being an asocial organization and working for a noble cause, the effectiveness of marketing plan with the outcomes i s debatable to a greater level. The approach that is associated with the positive delivery of outcomes needs to also consider the timeframe which is crucial too. There are various objectives that would fall out of the marketing plan considering even if it effectively implemented. With the above points considered, the effective implementation can be well brought out only with a justified approach. References Chong, A. Y. L., Chng, E., Liu, M. J., Li, B. (2017). Predicting consumer product demands via Big Data: the roles of online promotional marketing and online reviews.International Journal of Production Research,55(17), 5142-5156.

Computers In Our World Essays - Computer, Internet,

Computers in our World In the 1950's, computers were a new race of machines and most common person did not know anything about them. Today, computers and new Innovation like the internet has changed the business world and even our daily lives. How did it change the business world and our own personal lives and is it for the best, that's what will be discussed in this report. Contents

Liberia - This is a story about a Jamaican girl that lived in New York and returns to Jamaica to find out that she cannot fit in or understand the culture around her.

Liberia - This is a story about a Jamaican girl that lived in New York and returns to Jamaica to find out that she cannot fit in or understand the culture around her. "I do not want to punish you on a Monday morning," warned Mr. Singh.The chattering of the girl students in the vast hall, stopped abruptly. They all watched him attentively and listened routinely as if he was a divine nature and a state of royalty. He was standing in the middle of the hefty stage. Behind him were elevated closed curtains of the stage. He was a short hunched-back man, on his face showed the start of being aged. He wore a white blouse and dark pants at all times he was seen at the school. He was a man of many words. A man of ignorance Liberia thought.He began to talk again."You have no respect for god. You come into this holy hall for the sake of worshipping god and this is how you behave?"He shifted on the stage and began to point indirectly while he talked.These students in Bong County, Liberia, study by c..."If you come into this cathedral and continue to talk among yourselves, something must awfully be wrong with you. Something," he emphasized, "must really be wron g with you. You have no respect for god at all."There was continued deafening silence. Liberia, could hear the steady heartbeats of the girls, while Mr. Singh continued talking.Liberia began to close her eyes. She wanted to wish all of this away. She wanted to relinquish her soul and open the people's eyes to the truth that will set them free from this spiritual confinement.Every word he spoke, she thought, targeting those girls as imperfect humans. She felt the oppressive atmosphere weighing down on her shoulders all over her physical and mental being. She shook in a rhythm as if silently pushing away the mentally oppressive hands from her shoulders."You come here now!""Yes you!"A girl emerged slowly from the long...

Whither information governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Whither information governance - Essay Example Accordingly, in order to more deeply understand these dynamics and the means through which information governance is shifting and continually redefined, the following analysis will focus on defining information privacy, specifying why it is of importance, how privacy can be protected, discussing freedom of information, and how freedom of information can be guaranteed in a world that is increasingly paranoid about access to information and the need to safeguard it. It is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion will be beneficial in providing the analyst a more thorough and nuanced understanding of information governance and the means through which it has evolved and may likely evolve in the near future. For purposes of this brief analysis, this author will consider the identification of â€Å"privacy† as defined by James Moor in his article, â€Å"Towards A Theory of Privacy in the Information Age†. Furthermore, after the analysis of Moor’s particular theory with relation to privacy and how it impacts upon the way that law has grown, expanded, and changed to fit the understood needs of our current era, this author will also seek to provide a bit of commentary on whether one can come to an understanding and rational for such a definition is in keeping with reality or whether it stands to be more concretely or less explicitly defined. As a function of this level of analysis, the analysis can present the prime viewpoints of scholars is that it is necessary to understand privacy within he context of the law more completely prior to delving into the mechanisms through which it can be safeguarded (Sutanto, 2013). Through coming to an understanding of the way that pri vacy law has grown and developed, the reader/researcher can come to appreciate the rules and regulations that serve to protect what many have come to consider a â€Å"fundamental right† (Weston, 1970). One of the main points that the scholars point to with

The effect of the recent financial crises on the UK investors psyche Literature review

The effect of the recent financial crises on the UK investors psyche - Literature review Example Theories are provided to guide the behaviours and investment strategies of the investors. The theories give emphasis on the psyche of the investors and their way of thinking and reacting to the financial market changes. The individual decisions are cognitive while investments are made. The paper also highlights on the risk measurement capacity of the investors. The risk is associated with the changes that are brought in the stock prices by the companies during the crisis period. Key Words: financial behaviour, financial crisis, Investment psyche, decision making Critical Review (Background) It is quite understandable when people ask how the crises could have happened after the disaster had struck, but given that market players are irrational, it can be said that people, including experts and laymen alike, play a psychological role in financial decision making. According to Sahi and Arora (2012) it is hardly ever heard that investors make wrong decisions who buy when they have to sell and vice-versa, despite possessing the correct information. This is in complete non-conformity with the efficient market hypothesis theory, which states that people behave rationally and maximize their utility by accurately processing all the available information. This highlights that prices remain at true values of the stock and reflect all essential information about investment (Phansatana et al., 2013). However, Shiller (2013) argues that the behavioural finance disproves the theory stating that individuals are impacted by more factors than just objective figures, including all kinds of subjective factors like, human biases and inconsistency in behaviour, thought and irrationality, when they are faced by market uncertainties. The paper analyses how the recent financial crisis has supported the idea that investors behave irrationally when faced with the financial meltdown and offers interesting observations on post crisis behaviour of investors. Investigations of the recent fina ncial meltdown in 2007 reveal that the lessons to be learnt are plentiful. The crisis investigations done by (Adrian and Shin, 2009; Taylor, 2008; Greenlaw et al., 2008) give general view of the affairs proceeding the crises and they all to some extent agree it was due to a conglomerate of macroeconomic factors like, interest rates, high market liquidity and booming rates of securities market and household. This market crisis also emphasized on the fact that financial sector was unable to predict risk specifically in US mortgage lending segment (Ferguson, 2013). This is the reason why the communication between financial sector and stakeholders was faulty and that the stakeholders had made investments without proper investigation. Ulkua and Weber (2013) firmly believe when recession occurs at the business cycle it brings in a general slowdown in the economy. A general trend of reduced spending is observed. Governments play their role by adopting policies that have an expansionary imp act on the economy like, increasing supply of money and reducing taxes. As a result of the financial crisis, Mehl (2013) examined that the equity markets had also shown a lot of volatility and this had instilled unpredictability among the investors. Investors rely on the efficient markets and expect rational behaviour, but this efficient market hypothesis had seen anomalies in the recent past. According to

Unfair Dismissal Problem Question

Unfair Dismissal Problem Question This question would be regarding on the areas of unfair dismissal, wrongful dismissal and whether Carmen could bring a claim under Employment Tribunal(ET) for her dismissals. Firstly, Carmen would need to fulfil the qualifications under ACAS to bring a claim. Carmen would need to proof that she is the employee of the hospital and had worked for the same employer for at least 2 years after 6th of April 2012. On the facts, she is a nurse who work in Mount Vernon Hospital, Wimbledon, London for the past 11 years. Next, she would then need to prove that she has ordinarily working within United Kingdom(UK) as per the case of Ravat v Halliburton Manufacturing and Services Ltd[1]. On the facts, she had worked in London which it is clearly within UK. Then she would then need to prove that she was not employed on an illegal contract and not under the exclusion of class which is the armed forces. On the facts, it is clear that she is employed lawfully as a nurse and she was not in the excluded class. Furthermore, she has the burden of proof to prove that she had been dismissed under s.95 of Employment Rights Act 1996(ERA).[2] On the facts, she had been summarily dismissed which is dismissal without notice as she was alleged to be breach in contract due to her drunkenness in work. Moreover, she would need to bring the claim by submitting a form of ET1 for her unfair dismissal claim to the Employment Tribunal nearest to her employer in 3 months from the effective date of termination of the employment contract. However, Carmen would also need to send her employer and her contact details to the The Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service(ACAS) as they will attempt to conciliate within one month under s.7 of the Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013(ERRA) which came into force in April 2014. If it fails, then the officer will issue a certificate to this effect and Carmen would need this certificate to file the ET1 form. On the facts, the effective date of termination for Ca rmen would be the date of she received the summary dismissal letter as per s.97(1) of ERA. However, the employer would have a defence if the reasonableness for the dismissal could be justified. The burden of proof would then shift to the employer. The Mount Vernon Hospital would need to prove that they had honestly believe that the facts disclosed a fair reason at the time of dismissal of Carmen and there is no need for a positive proof that the offence has been committed as per Devis Sons Ltd v Atkins[3]. However, an evidence would be considered if it relates directly to the reason for the dismissal. There could be more than one reason but if one of the reasons cannot be substantiated, the employers defence would fail even if the other reasons are valid as per Smith v City of Glasgow DC[4]. On the facts, the Mount Vernon Hospital would argue that Carmens dismissal was due to her drunkenness at work which was witnessed by Kelly where she smells alcohol in Carmens breath and her speech was slurred. Thus, the test laid in the case British Home Stores v Burchell[5]would be discussed to determine the reasonableness for Carmens dismissal as it was a misconduct dismissal. It is a 3 steps test which includes whether the employer reasonable belief the misconduct, whether it is based on reasonable grounds and whether a reasonable investigation that has been carried out. Firstly, in Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust v Roldan[6] where it follow the test laid down in Burchell, it was held that the proof of misconduct would not need to be irrefutable. On the facts, it could be argued that the Mount Vernon Hospital had reasonably belief that Carmen was drunk in her work as the proof was that the Kelly had witnessed the incident. Then, the Mount Vernon Hospital would need to show that the belief was based on a reasonable ground. On the facts, it could be argued that it was based on the fair ground of Carmens misconduct under s.98 of ERA 1996. Next, the employer would need to carry out reasonable investigation on the established facts as per Stuart v London City Airport[7]. However, on the facts, it was unclear whether there is a reasonable investigation for Carmens misconduct. An investigation is also required to be carried on employees defences as per Shrestha v Genesis Housing Association[8]. On the facts, it could be argued that the investigation was not clear enough as the Mount Vernon Hospital did not investigate the explanation provided by Carmen herself. Furthermore, Carmen had explained about her alcohol breath was due to the non-alcoholic wine and the slurred speech was due to the tiredness of working 12 hours for the past 5 days. However, this point was not taken by the Mount Vernon Hospital and they decided to just plainly believe the words of Kelly. The Code of Practice states that the employer should informed the employee formally in writing when there is a disciplinary matter and the employer should hold a meeting to discuss the matter as an employee is entitled for a fair hearing as per the case of Clark v Civil Aviation Authority[9]. Moreover, Carmen should also be informed that disciplinary action is being considered and the reasons for it as per Alexander v Bridgen Enterprises Ltd[10]On the facts, Carmen only received an invitation for a disciplinary meeting on but the reason of the meeting was not stated in the email. Even though the invitation was sent through an email, it would still be regarded as a form of in writing as per Wang v University of Keele[11]. Furthermore, the meeting should be held as soon as possible but there must be a sufficient time given to the employee to prepare his case. On the facts, it could be argued that there is not enough time given for Carmen as the meeting was held on the next day after th e incident. Other than that, the Mount Vernon Hospital must also allow Carmen to be accompanied by a companion to attend the meeting as per s.10 of Employment Relations Act 1999 and Stevens v University of Birmingham[12]. However, it was unclear whether that she was accompanied by someone to the meeting on the facts. Next, employee should be informed of the decision in writing and be informed of the opportunity of to appeal. On the facts, Carmen was informed of the decision by a letter and was informed of an opportunity of appeal. However, on the facts, Carmen thought that it was not worth appealing. The tribunal is also required to direct itself using the terms set out in s.98(4) of ERA 1996 which requires it to only consider the reasonableness of the employers conduct and not fairness to the employee. The tribunal would need to determine whether did the employer utilise a fair procedure and an employer is expected to observe a fair procedure open to a reasonable employer as per Polkey v Dayton Services Ltd[13]. A fair procedure guidance could be found in ACAS Code of Practice on Discipline Grievance 2015[14]. This test has been laid down by Lord Browne Wilkinson in Iceland Frozen Foods v Jones[15]which was also confirmed by P.O. v Foley[16]. Moreover, the tribunal would need to determine whether a reasonable employer might have adopted the same approach and reach to the same decision. The tribunal must not answer this question by substituting themselves for the employer. The substitution happens when the tribunal decide what would they have done if they were the employer. This approach has also been confirmed in Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd v Hitt[17] where it was held that the test also question that whether the employers investigation into the suspected misconduct was a reasonable one in the circumstances. This test would still comply with the Article 8 of European Convention of Human Rights(ECHR) even though personal privacy might be invaded during the investigation as the traditional band of the test itself was compatible with the Article 8 in the case of Turner v East Midlands Trains[18]. On the facts, the investigation was not held thoroughly as stated above. Other than that, under s.98(4) of ERA 1996, it requires the employer to consider the merits or equity of the case. The employer would need to consider the employees length of service as per Strouthos v London Underground[19]. On the facts, the Mount Vernon Hospital clearly did not consider these factors of Carmen as she still has been dismissed even though she had worked in the hospital in the past 11 years and had a very good performance in her work. Furthermore, the Mount Vernon Hospital should also consider that whether the employee had acted consistently and whether is there a better alternative disciplinary action. On the facts, Carmen had a clean disciplinary record and there is no other similar incident happened after her misconduct. Hence, it could be submitted that Carmen had acted consistently as she had a good performance for the past 11 years as stated above but this was not considered by the Mount Vernon Hospital. Furthermore, it was held that in Diary Produce Packers Lt d v Beverstock[20] and Taylor v Alidair[21] that first offences of misconduct have to be very serious to justify the dismissal. On the facts, the Mount Vernon Hospital should have given a warning for her action instead of a dismissal as a better alternative. This is due to the severity of the reason of the dismissal, Carmen may not be employed by other employer in the future and this would affect her career. Other than that, Carmen may bring a claim under wrongful dismissal. A dismissal in breach of contract without notice or insufficient notice would be a wrongful dismissal. Wrongful dismissal is governed by common law action for breach of contract. It would be a wrongful dismissal if there is none or the notice period provided by the employer to employee is less than the minimum notice period under s.86 of ERA 1996. On the facts, a notice for Carmens dismissal was given by the Mount Vernon Hospital. However, the notice was given was less than the minimum notice period required. Hence, since Carmen had worked for the hospital for 11 years where she met the requirement of two years continuity, she would be entitled to 11 weeks with a maximum of 12 weeks of notice period. However, the Mount Vernon Hospital may argue that it was a summary dismissal as the is a repudiatory breach of contract by the Carmen. On the facts, it would be the gross act of misconduct where she was accused for being drunk during work. Hence, the Mount Vernon Hospital is entitled to dismiss her without any notice as they could argue that a serious act of negligence had been committed by Carmen which is being drunk during working time as per the case of Pepper v Webb[22]. However, Carmen would then argue that it was an alleged misconduct as she was not drunk at all as stated on the facts. Hence, if the ET held that there is no gross misconduct committed by Carmen or the misconduct was not so bad to be considered as gross, the Mount Vernon Hospital would then be held to be wrongfully dismissed Carmen as the notice given were less than statutory minimum notice period. In conclusion, in relation to the unfair dismissal claim, Carmen would be eligible to make a claim to ET. As stated above, it could be submitted that the Mount Vernon Hospital had unfairly dismissed Carmen due to the following reasons. Firstly, the Mount Vernon Hospital had failed to provide a fair procedure for the dismissal by failing to conduct a proper investigation and failed to give sufficient time for Carmen to prepare her case. Moreover, as stated above, the Mount Vernon Hospital would also fail the band of reasonable response test and failed to consider the merit and equity of the case under s.98(4) of 1996. The remedies available for Carmen in this issue would be reinstatement, reengagement, compensation of basic award, and compensatory award. On the facts, the maximum basic award of compensation that Carmen could claim would be  £5269 and it would be another 25% raise of the award due to the failure to follow the ACAS Code of Practice by the hospital. Other than that, sh e could also claim for a maximum compensatory award of  £78,962. However, the requirements for this which laid down in Norton Tool Co Ltd v Tewson[23] would be harder to be fulfilled by Carmen. Lastly, Carmen could also bring a claim under wrongful dismissal as there was an insufficient of notice period for her dismissal. The remedy available for Carmen for this issue would be to claim for a compensation with a maximum award of  £25,000 by bringing an action to employment tribunals for breach of contract. As stated above, a wrongful dismissal would be a breach of contract. [1] Ravat v Halliburton Manufacturing and Services Ltd [2012] UKSC 1 [2] Employment Rights Act 1996, s.95 [3] Devis Sons Ltd v Atkins [1977] AC 931 [4] Smith v City of Glasgow DC [1987] IRLR 326 [5] British Home Stores v Burchell [1978] IRLR 379 [6] Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust v Roldan [2010] EWCA Civ 522 [7] Stuart v London City Airport Ltd [2013] EWCA Civ 973 [8] Shrestha v Genesis Housing Association [2015] EWCA Civ 94 [9] Clark v Civil Aviation Authority [1991] IRLR 412 [10] Alexander v Bridgen Enterprises Ltd [2006] UKEAT 0107_06_1204 [11] Wang v University of Keele [2011] IRLR 542 [12] Stevens v University of Birmingham [2015] EWHC 2300 (QB) [13] Polkey v Dayton Services Ltd [1987] AC 344 [14] ACAS, http://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/d/r/Discipline-and-grievances-Acas-guide.PDF , Discipline and grievances at work, accessed on 28 February 2017 [15] Iceland Frozen Foods v Jones [1982] ICR 17 [16] P.O. v Foley [2000] EWCA Civ 3030 [17] Sainsburys Supermarkets Ltd v Hitt [2003] EWCA Civ 1588 [18] Turner v East Midlands Trains [2012] EWCA Civ 1470 [19] Strouthous v London Underground [2004] EWCA Civ 402 [20] Diary Produce Packers ltd v Beverstock [1981] IRLR 265 [21] Taylor v Alidair [1978] IRLR 82 CA [22] Pepper v Webb [1969] 1 WLR 514 [23] Norton Tool Co Ltd v Tewson [1973] 1 All ER 183

Essay --

France is a very large and well-known country. It is one of the largest European countries in land, after Russia and Ukraine. Twenty percent of France’s territory lies outside of Europe, known as â€Å"DOM-TOM.† The European territory of France covers 211,209 square miles. France is also one of the oldest states in Europe, founded in 843. French is the official language of England as well as 300 other countries. It is spoken by 270 million people worldwide. France has a population of 2.5 million citizens and twenty percent of the citizens live in the Parisian region. Paris, the capital of France, was founded by Celtic tribe, Parisians, and settled around 4,200 BCE. France shares borders with several other countries. Those countries include Belgium, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain, and Andorra. France is 15,782 feet above sea level. The highest point is in Western Europe, Mont Blanc, between France and Italy. The lowest point is Rhà ´ne river delta, measuring only two meters above sea level. The Rhà ´ne is one of the major rivers of Europe, measuring 505 miles, starting in Switzerland and running through southeastern France. Near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, the Great Rhà ´ne and the Petit or Little Rhà ´ne. Some other river systems including Seine, Loire, and Garonne, divide the Massif Central from the Alps and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Western France’s climate consists of a high amount of rainfall, mild winters, and cool to warm summers. The climate of inland France tends to be more continental with hot, stormy summers, colder winters and less rain. Some natural hazards in France include flooding, avalanches, windstorms, droughts, forest fires, and e... ...e’s most popular theme park is Disneyland Paris, with fifteen million visitors. Disneyland Paris was the second Disney park to open outside of United States, after Tokyo Disney Resort. Another tourist attraction is Europe’s oldest functional canal, Canal du Midi. The canal was built from 1666 through 1681 and is 150 miles long. It has sixty-three locks, 126 bridges, seven canal bridges, and one tunnel. France’s major transportation is rivers. Overall France has twenty-four rivers that add up to 300km in length. In addition to rivers, railway is also major way of transportation in France. There is a total of 40,300 miles of railway, mostly operated by SNCF, the French national railway company. The trains can travel up to 199 miles per hour. France also has 475 airports. The most popular airport is Charles de Gaulle Airport, located in the vicinity of Paris.

Causes of Environment

cause of environmental degradation The primary cause of environmental degradation is  human disturbance. The degree of the environmental impact varies with the cause, the habitat, and the plants and animals that inhabit it. ————————————————- Habitat Fragmentation Habitat fragmentation carries long term environmental impacts, some of which can destroy entire ecosystems. An ecosystem is a distinct unit and includes all the living and non-living elements that reside within it. Plants and animals are obvious members, but it will also include other components on which they rely on such as streams, lakes, and soils.Habitats become fragmented when development breaks up solid stretches of land. Examples include roads which may cut through forests or even trails which wind through prairies. While it may not sound all bad on the surface, there are serious consequences. The largest of these consequences are initially felt by specific plant and animal communities, most of which are specialized for their bioregion or require large areas of land to retain a healthy genetic heritage. Area Sensitive Animals Some wildlife species require large stretches of land in order to meet all of their needs for food, habitat, and other resources.These animals are called  area sensitive. When the environment is fragmented, the large patches of habitat no longer exist. It becomes more difficult for the wildlife to get the resources they to survive, possibly becoming threatened or endangered. The environment suffers without the animals that play their role in the food web. Aggressive Plant Life A more critical result of habitat fragmentation is land disturbance. Many weedy plant species, such as garlic mustard and purple loosestrife, are both opportunistic and invasive. A breach in the habitat gives them an opportunity to take hold.These aggressive plants can take over an envir onment, displacing the native flora. The result is habitat with a single dominant plant which doesn't provide adequate food resources for all the wildlife. Entire ecosystems are threatened with extinction, according to the National Resources Defense Council. Effects of Environmental  Degradation One of the greatest challenges facing humanity is environmental degradation, including deforestation, desertification, pollution, and climate change – an issue of increasing concern for the international community.Environmental degradation increases the vulnerability of the societies it affects and contributes to the scarcity of resources. Climate change will lead to an increase in the intensity and frequency of weather extremes, such as heat waves, floods, droughts and tropical cyclones. The people hardest hit by climate change and environmental degradation are those living in the most vulnerable areas, including coastal communities, small island nations, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asi an delta regions. It is the poorest of the poor, who lack the resources to prepare, adapt and rebuild, that are most affected.Environmental degradation can lead to a scarcity of resources, such as water and farmable. Extreme weather events, such as severe flooding, increase the spread of waterborne diseases, such as malaria and diarrhoea. The effects of the major environmental problems on both health and productivity are: a. Water pollution and water scarcity: As per the estimation of UN, more than two million deaths and billions of illnesses a year are attributable to water pollution. Water scarcity compounds these health problems.Productivity is affected by the costs of providing safe water, by constraints on economic activity caused by water shortages, and by the adverse effects of water pollution and shortages on other environmental resources such as, declining fisheries and acquifer depletion leading to irreversible compaction. b. Air pollution: As per the estimation of UN, urb an air pollution is responsible for 300,000—700,000 deaths annually and creates chronic health problems for many more people. Restrictions on vehicles and industrial activity during critical periods affect productivity, as does the effect of acid rain on forests and water bodies. . Solid and hazardous wastes: Diseases are spread by uncollected garbage and blocked drains; the health risks from hazardous wastes are typically more localized, but often acute. Wastes affect productivity through the pollution of groundwater resources. d. Soil degradation: Depleted soils increase the risks of malnutrition for farmers. Productivity losses on tropical soils are estimated to be in the range of 0. 5-1. 5 per cent of GNP, while secondary productivity losses are due to siltation of reservoirs, transportation channels and other hydrologic investments. e.Deforestation: Death and disease can result from the localized flooding caused by deforestation. Loss of sustainable logging potential and of erosion prevention, watershed stability and carbon sequestration provided by forests are among the productivity impacts of deforestation. f. Loss of biodiversity: The extinction of plant and animal species will potentially affect the development of new drugs; it will reduce ecosystem adaptability and lead to the loss of genetic resources. g. Atmospheric changes: Ozone depletion is responsible for perhaps 300,000 additional cases of skin cancer a year and 1. million cases of cataracts. Global warming may lead to increase in the risk of climatic natural disasters. Productivity impacts may include sea-rise damage to coastal investments, regional changes in agricultural productivity and disruption of the marine food chain. Conclusion:  The impact of environmental disasters can be devastating on the social, economic, and environmental systems of a country or region as well as the global ecosystem. Environmental disasters do not recognise man-made borders, and threaten the legacy le ft to future generations of a clean and supportive environment.Because of the interdependency of earth ecosystems international co-operation is paramount to prevent, and when disaster strikes, respond to relieve quickly and effectively the effects of environmental disasters. Thus, Governments, International organizations and communities must work together – at all levels – to lessen the risks associated with environmental degradation and its contributing factors, such as climate change, and ensure that vulnerable people are prepared to survive and adapt. At the same time, companies, organizations and individuals must also ensure that their work is environmentally friendly and sustainable. Similar essay: Disadvantages of Plants Living on Land

Social Work in the Justice System Essay - 2769 Words

Running head: SOCIAL WORK IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM 1 The Field of Forensic Social Work It’s Function in the Criminal Justice System and the Populations Who Benefit Jennifer A. Dimaira Seton Hall University Abstract This paper explores the many facets social work provides in collaboration with the criminal justice system escaping widespread notice as well as the roles played in the judicial court systems. This paper takes a look at the point and the many purposes of forensic social work. Covering their role in multidisciplinary mitigation teams and collaboration between social workers and lawyers in criminal defense also the type service social work practitioners provide to inmate populations; the active†¦show more content†¦It’s an issue I see as becoming a problem in the near future because of the field’s functions. The educational opportunity presented in teaching forensic social work is valuable. The functions alone include policy and program development. Mediation, advocacy and arbitration, teaching, training and supervision as well as behavioral science research and analysis just to name a few. We the students are at a loss by a lack of acknowledgement of Forensic S ocial work and it not being an offered course in our curriculum. Brownell and Roberts (2002) operationally define forensic social work as ‘policies, practices and social work roles with juvenile and adult offenders and victims of crimes’ (Brownell P Roberts AR 2002, A century of social work in criminal justice and correctional settings, Journal of Offender rehabilitation, 35 (2) 1-17, pg. 3) As times progressed a growing knowledge and understanding of mental illness and psychiatric problems became more of a deciding factor in the task of determining just and effective dispositions. The criminal justice system is not equipped to provide the proper type of facilitation needed to accommodate. 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The Incarceration Rate Of State And Federal Prisons

For several decades there has been a considerable increase incarceration rate in state and federal prisons. This is due to the public demanding more castigatory laws along with harsher sentencing policies. In the United State there 2.3 million people are incarcerated in prisons and jails which make the United States the lead in the incarceration rate (Wright, 2010). Truth in sentencing law made it essential that offenders serve a significant portion of the prison sentenced handed down by the court before he or she can be considered or eligible for release. Policies implemented before reduced the quantity of time an offender served on a sentence, such as parole board release, goodtime, and earned-time are constrained or get rid of under†¦show more content†¦This study found that even though a lot of states interacted the Truth in Sentence laws there was limited Federal pressure on State Truth in Sentence guidelines. Instead, state reforms naturally pre-dated the Federal leg islation or were implemented in small increments adjusting to practices that already existed. What s more, the study concluded that State Truth in Sentence usually augmented the anticipated duration of time to be served however, these augmentations were rarely the most important contributor to the increase in prison population. However, changes in crime rates, prison admissions and arrests were the most influential (Rosich Kane, n.d.) The Urban Institute Study also studied the effect of a variety of Truth in Sentence reforms that were put into practices in the States for the period of the early-to mid-1990’s on their prison population. The study conducted a quantitative examination of crime, arrest, population, and corrections data from seven States that focused on whether State Truth in Sentence reform actually paved the road to changes in punishments for offenders who were violent and also increased the prison population. The study found that possibility of a prison admission given arrest for serious violent offenses did not automatically increase. However, the use of incarceration augmented in four States, but diminished in the other three. But, there was an increase in expected stay depending on the severity of punishment for serious

Stem Cells Are The Unique Properties Of All - 1573 Words

Wouldn t it be wonderful if cures for parkinsons, alzheimers, cancer, and more were within our grasp? This has been promised by some in the medical profession for over a decade. Stem Cells have been overhyped, overpromised, and have built a false sense of hope in many suffering from dibilitating diseases. Properties of Stem Cells Stem Cells have the ability to divide and renew themselves over extended periods of time (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). They are not like muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells which don t usually renew themselves (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). Stem cells are unspecialized (What are the unique properites of all stem cells). Stem cells do not have structures with tissue that allow it to present specialized functions (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). When unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized, the events are called differentation (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). The cell will often go through several stages (What are the unique properties of all stem cells). Differences between Adult and Embryonic Stem cells A big difference between Adult and Embryonic Stem cells is their different abilites in the number and type of different cell types they can be (What are the similarites and differences between embryonic and adult stem cells). Embryonic stem cells canShow MoreRelatedStem Research On Stem Cell Research1271 Words   |  6 Pages! ! ! Stem Cells Research ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Jabaree Shipp English III NCVPS Mrs.Gallos 8, December 2014 ! ! ! ! ! ! Throughout most of our lifetime on Earth many have pondered the thought of how they and the things around them have been created. They wondered what makes grass grow to what makes themselves grow mentally and physically. 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Commonwealth Bank Modern Economic Growth

Question: Discuss about the Commonwealth Bank for Modern Economic Growth. Answer: Introduction The Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA) is a multinational bank and it has its business relationship with various countries like New Zealand, Fiji, USA, and UK and even with various Asian countries. Apart from services like retail banking, institutional banking, brokerage services it also provides various other financial services. The Commonwealth Bank was founded in 1911 by the Australian government and it is one the big four Australian banks alongside National Australian Bank (NAB) and Westpac (Commonwealth Bank, 2016). The bank was fully privatized in 1996. The Commonwealth Bank is the only financial institution to have appeared in the Dream Employer's top 20 list of preferred employers for 2010 and 2011. Comparison of the Financial Statements for the last 5 years Income Statement The relevant figures extracted from the Annual Report and the Percentage of Increase / Decrease in comparison to the prior year is presented below: Particulars 2012 2013 % Increase 2014 % Increase 2015 % Increase 2016 % Increase Interest Income 38,258 34,739 -9% 33,645 -3% 34,100 1% 33,817 -1% Interest Expenses 25,136 20,805 -17% 18,544 -11% 18,305 -1% 16,882 -8% NET Interest Income 13,122 13,934 6% 15,101 8% 15,795 5% 16,935 7% Non Interest Revenue 8,935 10,128 13% 10,667 5% 11,210 5% 10,562 -6% Total NET Revenue 22,057 24,062 9% 25,768 7% 27,005 5% 27,497 2% Income before Taxes 9,964 10,728 8% 11,997 12% 12,612 5% 12,854 2% Net Income After Tax 7,090 7,677 8% 8,631 12% 9,063 5% 9,227 2% EPS - Basic 4.46 4.75 7% 5.31 12% 5.54 4% 5.42 -2% On the revenue side, Interest Income is the major source of revenue, but it is seen that the interest income is falling constantly year after year. In comparison to this, the interest expenses are also decreasing every year thus leading to an increase in the Net Interest Income every year. The Non Interest Revenue, comprising of commissions and fees and other income is steadily increasing every year till 2015 but has fallen by 6% for 2016 (Commonwealth Bank, 2016). The Non Interest Expenses comprises of Compensation and benefits, Tech, communication and equipments, Amortization of Intangibles and Other Expenses. An overall increasing trend is observed in the non interest expenses (Nzuve, 2011). The resultant figure is the Income from Continuing Operations which is also increasing every year but at a diminishing rate. The proportion of increase of 8% and 12% in 2013 and 2014 has fallen to 5% and 2% in 2015 and 2016 respectively. After the deduction of non operating expenses like provision for taxes and other expenses, the resultant figure is Net Income available to Common Shareholders. The same trend as Income from Continuing Operations is observed here. EPS has increased during 2013 and 2014 but started falling in 2015 and has also gone negative in 2016. Overall, it can be said that CBA has achieved good income and profitability levels in 2013 and 2014 but the momentum is not being carried on and 2015 marks the commencement of the fall in incomes and profits (Coyle, 2014). Balance Sheet The relevant figures extracted from the Annual Report and the Percentage of Increase / Decrease in comparison to the prior year is presented below: Particulars 2012 2013 % Increase 2014 % Increase 2015 % Increase 2016 % Increase Derivative Assets 38,937 45,340 16% 29,247 -35% 46,154 58% 46,567 1% Debt Securities 92,046 96,765 5% 1,05,342 9% 1,19,111 13% 1,32,768 11% Net Loans 5,25,682 5,56,648 6% 5,97,781 7% 6,39,262 7% 6,95,398 9% Premises 2,503 2,718 9% 2,816 4% 2,833 1% 3,940 39% Goodwill 7,705 7,723 0% 7,566 -2% 7,599 0% 7,925 4% Other Intangible Assets 2,576 2,700 5% 2,226 -18% 2,371 7% 2,459 4% Other Assets 48,780 41,982 -14% 46,473 11% 56,116 21% 44,021 -22% Total Assets 7,18,229 7,53,876 5% 7,91,451 5% 8,73,446 10% 9,33,078 7% Deposits 4,37,655 4,59,429 5% 4,98,352 8% 5,43,231 9% 5,88,045 8% Derivative Liabilities 39,221 38,580 -2% 27,259 -29% 35,213 29% 39,921 13% Payables 9,561 10,050 5% 10,467 4% 11,105 6% 9,774 -12% Short-term Borrowing 1,56,555 1,64,793 5% 1,72,224 5% 1,92,789 12% 1,91,486 -1% Other Liabilities 34,196 36,069 5% 34,338 -5% 38,677 13% 43,646 13% Total Liabilities 6,77,188 7,08,921 5% 7,42,640 5% 8,21,015 11% 8,72,872 6% Stockholders Equity Preferred Stock 939 Common Stock 25,175 27,262 8% 27,975 3% 28,558 2% 33,845 19% Retained Earnings 13,356 16,360 22% 18,827 15% 21,528 14% 23,627 10% Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 1,571 1,333 -15% 2,009 51% 2,345 17% 2,734 17% Total Shareholders Equity 41,041 44,955 10% 48,811 9% 52,431 7% 60,206 15% The Total Assets have steadily increased by 5% in 2013 and 2014 but 2015 has seen an increase of 10% and 2016 of 7% respectively. The same is the case with the increase in the figures of total liabilities. Shareholders Equity has increased by 10%, 9%, 7% and 15% for the years 2013 to 2016 respectively. As assets and liabilities are constantly changing figures, the ups and downs are quite evident, but overall the company is growing and the shareholders equity represented as a part of the retained earnings and accumulated other incomes is displaying a healthy growth (Dawson, 2006). The Commonwealth Bank is Australia's biggest retail bank which provides variety of products and services which includes providing loans, credit card transaction and savings account. The bank has largest branch and ATM network. It also provides services to people who intend to move to Australia (Australian Government, 2013). Recent Scandals Commonwealth Bank is one the most important banks of Australia. It not only derives profit but also finances from income earned through activities which has caused destruction to the Great Barrier Reef. Because of such activity the bank has faced a lot of scrutiny from public and has come under extreme pressure after a report by Market Forces in 2013. In 2014 the Commonwealth Bank came under a lot of pressure and they were asked to withdraw their investment on every mining project that would threaten the reef. It was revealed later 2014 that CBA had advised Indian coal miner Adani on its proposed development in Galilee Basin in Queensland. A report by Market Forces in 2015 that CBA was the single biggest investor in projects concerning fossil fuels, during the six year period from 2008-2014, within the Great Barrier World Heritage Area. Immediately after the report protests were held at more than fifty branches of CBA in Australia and around the globe. A report by MSCI showed that Australia's largest bank invested ten percent of their know loan arrangements on risky fossil fuels project which might become irrevocable if the world wanted to avoid disastrous climatic change. The former financial planner of CBA Jeff Morris made a claim to Australian Securities and Investment Commission (AISC) about the extent of misconduct of CAB's financial planning arm, Commonwealth Financial Planning Limited (CFPL). ASICS launched an investigation after 16 months. The Senate Inquiry found in its report that there was forgery and dishonest concealment of material facts. The Senate Inquiry concluded a Royal Commission as it was considered that AISC didn't have enough investigating powers required to disclose the extent of allegations made. After a week of Senate Inquiry, CEO Ian Narev issued an apology statement and announced a compensation scheme. Former CEB Ralph Norris also accepted the fact that he was aware of the problems that existed within CFPL but denied claim that there was any conspiracy for covering the cracks. New requiredadjustments in balance sheet (new provision of funds) and their description The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision issued the Pillar 3 disclosure requirements which aim at market discipline and requires bank to have sufficient credit standing to meet the market and operational risks due to the exposure to risk weighed assets. As a result of this disclosure requirement, the Notes to Balance Sheet sets out the Tier I and Tier II risk weighted capital ratios. Apart from the regulatory adjustments to Tier I, the additional Basel III complying instruments of $5,000 M are set aside as PERLS VI PERLS VII Capital Notes were issued by the bank. The other instruments that were not eligible to be complying instruments for Basel were either redeemed or called back and cancelled by the bank. As markets and business conditions have become increasingly complex, these notes were critically reviewed to be offering lower returns with higher risk. Thus, the required arrangements were made by the bank in terms of additional fund raising in light of the new requirements of the Basel Committee (Horton Ganainy, 2010). Disclosure Scandal In 2016 it was revealed that some Of CBA staff were involved in a fraud amounted to 76million dollars and those staff involved received secret commission for their role in this claimed fraud which was organized by the management of the bank for almost five years before the police were altered. The CBA initially prevented the release of internal documents and emails but was but were ordered by the court to hand over those documents to one of the victims named Nick Fotopoulos, a property developer in Melbourne, who lost five millions and he also launched a civil action against the bank. The spokesperson of CBA did not comment on the situation while the matter was before court. Many of the financial planners of CBA have been banned by the Australian Securities and Investment Commission for providing inappropriate advices and for charging extra commissions and fees and in some cases it was claimed that they committed act of fraud (Osborne, 2009). Recently Commonwealth Bank of Australia revealed its view that is has found every one out of ten files missing of customers who applied for checking of their records, accounts and investments as a part of the bank's compensation scheme (Brealey et. al, 2011). Culture of the organization Commonwealth Bank of Australia has decided to reinvent its way of dealing with the customers. The idea of making customers the focal point within the traditionally assets driven industries which includes manufacturing and financial services, is a complex challenge (Horton Ganainy, 2010). Instead of focusing on the desire of customers the organization had focused more on running the assets. Too much time, energy and money have been spent on the products and infrastructure. This is in direct contrast to the functioning of an organization that focuses of customer's wants (Choi Meek, 2011). As per the list of Customer Service Champions, the organization that have focused on what the customers want have done really well, some of them are Amazon.com and ING Direct. Several local Australia brands have also excelled in this area and the most notable performer has been Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA). In 2006 CBA launched their vision by putting the wellbeing of the customer at the centre of everything. The goal set by the organization was simple yet challenging that is to meet the expectations of the customer across of the business area. With the vision of fulfilling customers` expectations their main aim, CBA looked for new ways of with customers in a better way and giving them the services they seek for (Whittington, 2008). In the case of commonwealth bank, the conceptual framework underlines the process of financial reporting. The main benefit that accrues is that the system is well established and a continuous flow is maintained. The purpose of financial reporting is properly ascertained. The concept has provided immense benefit to CBA in terms of identification of the boundary of financial reporting, transaction selection, recognition and measurement and summary (Acemoglu, 2011). Recommendation CBA is a standout performer in the Australian market. Almost a decade ago, the organization decided to refresh it's method of dealing with customers. This idea was lead by then CEO Ralph Norris and today it's continuing under current CEO Ian Narev. Mr. Narev announced that the group would build on this idea and the organization believed that there are four key areas which needs to be taken care of and are capable of continuing the vision of the organization. Those four key areas are - people, technology strength and productivity (Enria, 2014). Further it can be said that the coming years will be prosperous for the bank owing to the new standards and leadership. Conclusion On a concluding note it can be said that the Commonwealth wealth bank is a strong runner in the Australian market and that can be witnessed by the financial statements. It has made commendable progress and has stressed on every aspect of development. Going by the above report it can be said that though there have been scandals and manipulations in the past yet it has managed to remove the problems. Overall, the performance is strong and is expected to continue the journey. References Acemoglu, D. (2011). Introduction to Modern Economic Growth. Princeton University Press, 2011). Australian Government (2013). Budget Strategy and Outlook, Budget Paper: Commonwealth of Australia, RetrievedAugust 19, 2016, from https://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/organizations_fasb.html Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F. (2011). Principles of corporate finance. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Choi, R.D. and Meek, G.K., (2011). International accounting. Pearson . Commonwealth Bank. (2016). Commonwealth Bank annual report 2016, Retrieved August 20, 2016, from https://www.commbank.com.au/about-us/shareholders/financial-information/results.html Coyle, D. (2014). GDP: A Brief but Affectionate History. Princeton University Press. Dawson, G. (2006). Economics and Economic Change. Prentice Hall. Enria, F. (2014). Disclosure of Accommodative Monetary Policy meaning. SA: Frank Enria. Horton, M and Ganainy, El. (2010). Fiscal policy: taking and giving away, International Monetary Fund, Oxford Press. Nzuve. S, (2011). Some Thoughts of How to Allocate Indirect Costs in a Corporate Environment, Social Science Research network, School of Business, University of Nairobi. RetrievedAugust 19, 2016, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2141692 Osborne, P (2009).Storm Financial collapse plan outlined.The Age (Melbourne). RetrievedAugust 19, 2016, from https://www.smh.com.au//breaking-news-business/storm-financial-collapse-plan-outlined-20090810-ef9y.html Whittington, G (2008) Harmonization or Discord? The critical role of the IASB conceptual framework review. Journal of Accounting Public Policy, 27(6), 44-56